TUMOURS IN THE PHARYNX AND (ESOPHAGUS. 
181 
a dog, with the help of a snare, a double polypus 2 inches long, which on 
microscopical examination proved to be a fibroma. In spite of extended 
practice, Moller has not yet seen similar disease in dogs. . . 
Tumours of the pharynx are most frequent in ruminants, especially m 
cattle, and may be due either to actinomyces (Siedamgrotzky, De Jong) or 
be simple papillomata (Schiitz). The former are usually single, the latter 
multiple. Fessler describes a case of multiple papilloma in the oesophagus ot 
an ox. The entire surface of the oesophageal mucous membrane was covered 
with warty brush-like outgrowths, which were only the size of a grain of barley 
in the neighbourhood of the pharynx, but became as large as a bean m 
the middle of the oesophagus, and formed bristle-like tufts. Lower down 
they were not so numerous. These papillomata resembled bunches ol 
bristles, numbering thirty or more, which grew from a conical base in the 
form of a brush. _ 
Microscopical examination showed the following appearances : I he piopna 
mucosa, below the papilloma, contained spherical masses of blood-vessels, in 
which the veins formed large cavernous spaces. The papilloma was provided 
with a solid root containing loops of blood-vessels from which processes ol 
connective tissue extended into the threads and bristles. The connective tissue 
was covered with epithelium. Beel noticed a case of multiple papilloma m the 
oesophagus of an ox, marked by difficulty in deglutition, swelling on the left 
side of the neck, difficulty in introducing the probang, chronic tympanites, 
and reduced condition. Post-mortem showed “ intra-cesophageal stenosis, 
with dilatation in front of the contracted spot. _ The latter, which was o 
uniform width, began below the pharynx, was 6f inches in length, and ended 
at the height of the second rib; its greatest circumference was 9 \ inches, t le 
thickness of the muscular coat £ inch. The mucous membrane was covered 
with a great number of wart-like papillae of varying size, some not exceeding 
that of a pin’s head, others as large as a hazel nut; forty-five of them weie 
from 1 inch to 1] inches long ; it was contracted at the level of the second rib, 
but still allowed the probang to pass. Beel believed that the periodicity ot 
the symptoms was caused by masses of food inducing occasional occlusion a 
this spot. Microscopical examination gave similar results to those described 
by Fessler. The growth illustrated (fig. 80) is of an analogous cliaiactei \ iz., 
papilloma coralliforme. , . i n • 
Psorospermia have repeatedly been met with m the oesophageal wails m 
goats and sheep, but seem to produce no difficulty in swallowing. 1 ossh) ^ 
some of the cases described as paralysis of the pharynx are due to such paia- 
sites. Koch found tuberculous abscesses in the oesophageal walls m cov, s. n 
tropical countries (Java) cysts have been discovered in the oesophageal walls 
of dogs, which were filled with spiroptera sanguinolenta, and had completely 
occluded the oesophagus. Harms, during the autumn, found female Marne 
below the oesophageal epithelium in sheep. These have been stated by Zum 
to be identical with spiroptera scutata cesophagea hovis. In dogs spiroptera 
sanguinolenta often occurs in the oesophagus. 
These new growths, varying in size and form, produce greater or less 
difficulty in deglutition; often only fluids can be swallowed, and that with 
great effort. Sometimes suffocation and vomiting occur ; wasting is a regular 
result. Curability depends on the condition and number of the growths, and 
on whether they can be reached. Polypi with narrow pedicles may be torn o 
and discharged during violent vomiting. In carnivora, as m man, these usually 
have their seat in the pharynx or close behind it, and during .vomiting may be 
thrown forward into the pharynx, and can then be removed, as shown by a case 
reported by Diericx. Where the swelling in the neck portion of the oesophagus 
can be detected externally, which, however, is seldom the case, it may be removed 
