684 
HIP LAMENESS. 
muscles than in the hip-joint and the bones. In lameness following 
external injuries, bruises, sprains, and partial ruptures (in consequence 
of falls, kicks, collisions, or over-exertion), the seat of disease is often in 
the muscles, especially in the superficial layers. 
Particular attention should be directed to disease of the tendon and 
tendon bursa of the gluteus medius muscle, to thrombosis of the femoral 
or iliac arteries, and in cattle to displacements of the biceps femoris. In 
exceptional cases, this also occurs in the horse. 
Kutzner, in a horse, noted gradually increasing atrophy of the biceps femoris 
muscle and of the upper portions of the semi-tendinosus. Lameness only 
appeared after three or four months, when atrophy was far advanced ; the 
loot was adducted just before the end of the stride, and set down too far 
under the body. The horse showed weakness in movement, and after lying- 
on the diseased side was unable to rise. Kutzner referred the condition to 
thrombosis. Koloff noted paralysis of the gluteus maximus in a heavy 
draught-horse. When walking, the affected leg was advanced further than 
its neighbour, and was drawn towards the opposite side, causing the hind¬ 
quarters to roll towards the sound side at every step. The animal had great 
difficulty in moving backwards, dragged the foot along the ground, and could 
scarcely advance it beyond that of the opposite side. During movement, the 
thigh was strongly flexed, but only partially extended. The animal showed 
no pain whatever. The muscle gradually became atrophied, and its place 
was finally occupied by a trough-shaped depression. 
Iv. Gunther describes a similar case, which he refers to paralysis of the 
lumbar plexus. In this case the limb was so excessively extended during 
movement that the hoof even touched the chest or elbow 7 . It w 7 as, however, 
still capable of sustaining weight. At a later stage the muscles of the quarter 
show 7 ed marked atrophy. 
Vachetta saw a peculiar lameness caused by disease of the psoas major 
muscle. 
Noack found rupture of the tensor fasciae latae muscle just below its 
insertion into the external angle of the ilium. The horse became sound in 
a month. Franke’s case of atrophy of the muscles of the quarter in con¬ 
sequence of paralysis of the gluteal nerves has already been alluded to (vide 
“ Paralysis of the Gluteal Nerves ”). 
(4) Until the typical peripheral nerve lamenesses were first recognised 
they also were included under the description “ hip lameness.” It is 
possible that certain cases described as hip lameness are due to functional 
distuibance of the sciatic, citnal, and obturator nerves. As already stated 
Gunther describes cases produced by paralysis of the lumhar nerves. 
The descriptions of neuralgia of the sciatic nerve in animals are 
unconvincing; certainly the occurrence of this condition has not yet 
been clearly proved. The same is true of inflammation of the sciatic 
nerve. The lameness in calves and goats seen by Giovanoli-Soglir, and 
referred to inflammation of the sciatic nerve, was probably due to other 
causes. 
(5) Finally, disease processes near the hip-joint may produce lame¬ 
ness, the real cause of which either remains undiscovered, or is only 
