ENLARGEMENTS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE HOCK. 741 
without danger, trophic changes in the extremites, local sloughing, and 
loss of the hoof sometimes occurring. The operation has nevertheless 
proved successful when all other methods have failed. Bosi, who intro¬ 
duced it, has had a number of very favourable results, as have Frohner 
and Schimmel. Necessarily it does not modify the changes in the joint, 
though it may remove the lameness. 
The shoeing is of some importance. Klemm recommends raising the 
heels, and giving long quarters and a short toe, a suggestion supported 
by experience. Foster also recommended shortening the toe of the 
foot before treatment, and using long, wide shoes, with heels and 
toe-pieces. 
* 
VI.—ENLARGEMENTS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF 
THE HOCK. 
The above title includes all circumscribed thickenings on the outside 
of the hock-joint. They may be situated in the ligamentous apparatus, 
particularly in the outer lateral ligament, or may arise from the cuboid, 
outer small metatarsal, or other bone of the hock, but seldom or never 
from the joint. Chronic skin thickenings, and prominence of the external 
malleolus of the tibia, or of the small metatarsal, are often mistaken for 
the enlargements in question. Careful examination shows the nature of 
the condition, which usually results from kicks or other injuries of the 
outer surface of the hock. Sometimes it accompanies spavin, or forms a 
complication of that disease, in consequence of the chronic arthritis 
extending to the outer surface of the joint. 
It not infrequently happens that the head of the outer small metatarsal 
bone is abnormally prominent, or is rendered so by the development of 
exostoses. It then forms a projection beyond the general vertical line 
of the hock, best seen when the joint is viewed from behind. This is 
the condition known in France as “jarde.” The stock of some stallions 
“ Saxifrage ” in particular, often shows this peculiarity. Gillet, Sipierre, 
Goubaux and Barrier, all of whom studied the condition, state that 
it does not affect the hock-joint, but is invariably confined to the head of 
the small metatarsal and the ligament connecting the latter with the 
large metatarsal. Other authors, however, believe that it may extend 
to the hock-joint and produce on the outer surface a condition similar 
to spavin. 
Hertwig insists that horses often go lame from this condition, and show 
jerking movements of the limb similar to those seen in spavin. Moller 
has only seen lameness where the enlargement was accompanied by spavin. 
As a rule, when lameness is present there is acute inflammation of the 
outer lateral ligament or of the periosteum. 
