BRUISES OF THE FOOT IN OXEN. 
823 
resistance, which may sometimes be overcome by moistening the feet 
with turpentine, pouring water into the ear, or by bringing a clog into 
the stall. If all these methods fail, Johne’s method of lifting the animal 
may be tried : it consists in passing a girth, or strong rope, in front under 
the cariniform cartilage, behind under the ischium, so that it surrounds 
the animal’s body in a circle. This rope being properly fixed, a large 
number of persons can assist, three or four standing at either side. Care 
must be taken, however, that a clear space of a yard or so is left in front 
of the animal, to allow it sufficient room to stretch out its head in 
rising. 
The foot, being lifted, may be examined by pressing on and moving it. 
Any swelling, reddening of the neighbouring skin, wound about the claw, 
or discharge of pus should be noted. Both the coronet and skin of the 
interdigital space should be carefully examined, the foot being first 
cleansed. 
In cattle it is extremely difficult to use foot-baths, which, therefore, are 
of little practical value. 
Treatment is confined to carefully cleansing and keeping clean the 
parts by giving dry straw, and by the application of poultices and 
dressings. 
I.—BRUISES OF THE SENSITIVE SOLE AND BULBS 
OF THE FOOT IN OXEN. 
In the smaller herbivora the claws are exceedingly strong in comparison 
with the body-weight, and disease is correspondingly rarer than in oxen. 
In the latter, the claws of the hind feet are weaker than those of the 
fore, and therefore suffer most, while, of the two claws, the inner is the 
oftener affected. 
The conditions comprised under the head of bruises vary greatly in 
character, some remaining aseptic and confined chiefly to the sub¬ 
cutaneous tissues, others being of an infectious natuie and followed b^ 
suppuration or necrosis. The latter may either remain confined to 
the superficial layers of the sensitive sole, or may extend as far even as 
the bone of the claw or the flexor tendon. Bruises of the superficial 
layers of the sensitive sole may be followed by bleeding, vaiying in 
amount from a trifling spot up to an extiavasation sufficient to undei- 
mine the entire sole. In the latter case a new sole may be formed, 
between which and the old sole the partially-absorbed blood forms a 
dark-coloured, dryish, friable cake, or, in older cases, a grey, fatty mass, 
corresponding in nature to the dark-colouied, liquid, horn pus seen 
in superficial injuries of the foot in horses. When the deeper layers of 
the sole are injured, violent inflammation often results, leading finally to 
