CYSTOTOMY. 
361 
may sometimes be removed by simply pressing upon it with the finger ; 
if not, by employing forceps, a catheter, or the end of a blunt pail of 
scissors. Immediately the urethra is clear, urine flows away in large 
quantities; should not this occur the parts must be examined with a 
probe to discover if a second calculus be not present at a higher point. 
Fig. 161.—Vaginal speculum. 
Fig. 162.—Calculus spoon. 
The urethral wound may be sutured with catgut or silk, though this is 
not absolutely necessary, for healing also occurs without it. 
Operating in this way Russell removed from a cart horse an urethral 
calculus g- inch long, inch broad, and g inch thick. I he suiface was 
very rough. Three harelip sutures were inserted. Healing was rapid, 
the horse being sent home eight days after operation, and hardly any 
