INFLAMMATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER. 
381 
found to be nearly 2 inches thick, the walls of the rectum and of the 
iliac arteries were as thick as a man’s finger, but showing no diminution 
of their lumen ; probably the inflammatory process had started from 
the rectum. 
Siedamgrotzky was able, by washing out the bladder, to remove a 
great quantity of sediment from a horse which had suffered from enuresis 
paralytica, and which, though continually straining to pass urine, could 
only eject small quantities in jerks, whilst at other times discharge 
occurred involuntarily. The horse, however, died, and on post¬ 
mortem was found to have suffered from purulent diphtheritic cystitis, 
pyelonephritis, and peritonitis. Friedberger reports a case of chronic 
haemorrhagic purulent cystitis in the horse, caused by cystic calculus. 
Catarrhal diseases of the cystic mucous membrane may probably also be 
produced by chills. 
Symptoms. Repeated attempts to discharge urine and the passage of 
small quantities, sometimes pathologically altered, point to the presence 
of the disease. The animals often stretch out and draw the testicles 
upwards; male animals may exhibit erections, and females contraction 
of the vagina. Pressure through the rectum on the almost empty 
bladder causes acute pain. Carnivora exhibit pain on pressure over the 
posterior portions of the abdomen, and often seem to suffer from slight 
colic. The urine discharged is turbid, and shows on microscopical 
examination much cystic epithelium, blood, pus corpuscles, flakes of 
mucous membrane, and not infrequently crystals of triple phosphate in 
the well-known coffin-lid shaped form. In carnivora the urine gives an 
alkaline reaction. 
Pus in any considerable quantity produces a yellow sediment, whilst 
in diphtheria of the bladder croupous membranes are discharged with 
the urine. Infectious disease of the bladder is usually associated with 
fever, the intensity of which indicates the nature and significance of 
the disease. Cystic calculi are often indicated by discharges of blood, 
especially after work (see “ Urinary Calculi in the Horse”). 
Chronic pericystitis seldom produces marked symptoms, but leads to 
gradual thickening of the bladder wall; and post-mortem shows a con¬ 
dition greatly resembling those hypertrophic processes resulting from 
long-standing obstruction to urination (dysuria), which are associated 
with abnormal distension of the bladder itself. Funfstiick, when making 
the post-mortem of a goat, found the bladder of enormous size and 
containing 52 pints of fluid. 
The course of this disease varies ; for whilst purulent diphtheritic 
cystitis, either directly or in consequence of complication with pyelo¬ 
nephritis, soon proves fatal, pericystitis and chronic inflammation, caused 
by cystic calculi or sediments, may endure indefinitely if the cause of the 
