382 
INFLAMMATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER. 
disease be not removed. Catarrhal cystitis usually disappears in a few 
days. 
Prognosis, and indeed treatment, therefore, depend on the indications 
furnished by a careful examination of the urine, which must be con¬ 
sidered in conjunction with the symptoms. It should be remembered 
that many of these diseases have a great tendency to recur. 
Treatment. Some benefit results from the administration of 
medicines which, excreted with the urine, exert a curative effect on 
the cystic mucous membrane, but direct treatment is always more 
effectual. Boric acid, salicylic acid, biborate of soda, chloride of 
potash, tannin (which is excreted as pyrogallic acid), and other 
materials have been used, and may prove of service in simple catarrhal 
inflammation. 
But immediately putrefactive changes, especially alkaline fermentation 
of the urine, appear, local treatment must be resorted to. The bladder 
should be washed out by means of the catheter—in mares and cows 
through a rubber tube,—either with salicylic acid (concentrated watery 
solution), carbolic acid (0*5 per cent.), sublimate (0*5 per 1,000), 
boric acid (2 per cent.), creolin (1 to 3 per cent.), nitrate of silver 
(0'5 to 1 per cent.), or tannin (1 to 2 per cent.), at least once a day. 
The chief difficulty is, that in male animals the treatment can only be 
carried out by experts. The lotions should, of course, be warmed to body 
temperature. Concretions and sediments are removed by vigorously 
washing out the bladder, or by surgical operation. Chronic cystitis in 
man has lately been treated with salol, which renders the alkaline urine 
once more acid, clear, and free of offensive smell. It is well borne by 
the stomach, and is decomposed by the pancreatic juice in the small 
intestines into salicylic acid and phenol. 
VII.—PROLAPSE AND INVERSION OF THE URINARY 
BLADDER IN FEMALE ANIMALS (PROLAPSUS 
ET INYERSIO VESICLE). 
In cows and sows, infrequently in bitches, the lower wall of the vagina 
is ruptured during delivery, the urinary bladder passes through the 
opening, and may even project beyond the vulva (prolapsus vesicie). 
The condition is distinguished by the prolapsed viscus being covered 
with serosa. Gradually it becomes distended, and assumes an almost 
spheiical form; small quantities of urine are discharged on pressure. 
By intioducing the hand or finger into the vagina close to the prolapsed 
portion, the rupture in the lower wall can be felt. 
Diagnosis of prolapse is seldom difficult; but as the condition occurs 
during parturition, the swelling might possibly be mistaken for the 
