386 
AMPUTATION OF THE BLADDER. 
ends above and below the neck of the bladder, the rest of the tape 
extending over the bladder in the middle line; the ligature is then 
applied, embracing the tape, and the two free ends are carried backwards 
and tied at the back of the swelling. If the bladder be not immediately 
cut off after ligation, it sloughs away in some days, though, unless elastic 
ligatures are used, it is necessary to tighten the ligatures a few times 
during the next few days; the elastic ligature is, however, much prefer¬ 
able. When adhesions have already occurred between, the layers of 
peritoneum covering the bladder, it may be simply cut away, as was 
done by Gaullet in the case of a mare. The bleeding was insignificant 
and recovery soon occurred. As, however, it is never certain that the 
adhesions are firm, the ligature deserves preference. The portion of 
bladder not included in the ligature gradually retracts into the vagina 
after the free portion has sloughed, and the external appearance of the 
animal is not much injured. 
YIII.—TUMOURS IN THE URETHRA AND BLADDER. 
New growths in the urethra soon impede urination; hence the animals 
are either slaughtered or die of the condition, and opportunities of 
noting or treating tumour of the urethra during life are rare. Matthias, 
however, found a polypus of the urethra in a gelding. Vorberg, 10-12 
polyp-like new growths in an ox; they were \ to 1J inches in length, 
and closely packed together at one spot. The polypus noted by 
Matthias was 6 inches long, 1^ broad, and had its seat not far from the 
orifice of the urethra, so that it could be grasped with dressing forceps 
and removed. 
New growths in the bladder are more frequent; they may either be 
innocent, like fibromata, lipomata, myxomata, or malignant (cancer). 
The collection in Copenhagen contains the bladder of a cow with “ fibrous 
cancer” (Bang). Pflug has seen carcinoma of the bladder in a horse. 
Siedamgrotzky described epithelioma of the bladder in the horse; the disease 
had extended to the peritoneum and caused secondary growths in the 
omentum. He also found in oxen leucocythasmic infiltration of the wall of 
the bladder, the uterus, and the ligaments of the uterus. Esser was able to 
diagnose by manual examination from the rectum during life a large 
papilloma in the bladder of a cow. Wolff and Leisering discovered myxomata 
in the same region. Cows appear to suffer from new growths in the bladder 
oftener than horses, not infrequently from carcinomata, probably tuberculous 
growths also occur ; tuberculous tumours are common near the openings of 
the ureters in the Trigonum Vesicas Lieutaudii. Barnick discovered a tumour 
twice as large as a man’s head in the bladder of a horse which had died with 
symptoms of difficulty in urination and colic. Tright found a myoxma of the 
bladder in a dog. 
Demeurisse diagnosed cancer of the bladder in a bitch suffering from 
