388 
TUMOURS IN THE URETHRA AND BLADDER. 
laid open. The position of the tumour and the practicability of operation 
having been ascertained, removal may sometimes be effected by opening 
the urethra. Urethrotomy may be resorted to as a palliative when 
animals have to be kept alive for some time to gain condition or require 
to be sent on a journey. Cystic tumours are seldom removed, being 
generally recognised too late, and success appearing doubtful. Schmidt 
and Mogford have, however, recommended everting the bladder in mares 
to remove tumours. Schmidt states having carried this out in the horse, 
and having removed a tumour weighing 40 ounces. Mogford declares 
eversion of the bladder to he easy in horses. After removing the tumour 
the bladder is washed out, and the concretions which often occur here 
removed. Mogford, however, does not give any satisfactory description 
of his method. 
Nevertheless, both in mares and cows, it is worth trying to dilate the 
uiethra, so as to be able to enter the bladder with polypus forceps or the 
hand. 4hough the method is certainly not easy, there seems no doubt 
that where it succeeds tumours may be removed and recovery effected. 
Levens thus removed a fibroma as large as a goose’s egg, which lay at 
the neck of the bladder in a cow. Eversion of the bladder would 
piobably often follow dilatation of the urethra if the animal were not 
chloroformed. Anaesthesia is therefore advisable in horses, and even in 
oxen, especially if not intended for immediate slaughter. 
Schmidt removed a cystic polypus from a gelding by performing urethrotomy 
at the sciatic notch, and breaking down intervening tissues as far as the neck 
of the bladder , he was then able to excise and extract the pedunculated 
tumoui , the operation wound healed in eighteen days. Heyne describes a 
case of fistula between the small intestine and bladder, a rather rare condition. 
The small intestine was adherent to the base of the bladder, with which it 
communicated by an opening f to 1 inch in width. The animal had suffered 
fiom weakness, defective appetite, diarrhoea, and great emaciation. 
