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PARALYSIS AND INJURIES OF THE PENIS. 
II.—PHIMOSIS, PARAPHIMOSIS, PARALYSIS OF THE 
MUSCLES OF THE PENIS, INJURIES TO THE 
PENIS. 
Phimosis consists in an abnormally narrow condition of the preputial 
opening preventing exposure of the glans. This contraction may finally 
cause difficulty in urination, or render it impossible. Phimosis seldom 
occurs congenitally in animals, but has been seen in dogs, and is produced 
by inflammatory swelling of the prepuce or cicatricial contraction (com¬ 
pare with “ Inflammation of the Prepuce ”)• Under certain circumstances, 
it may form the primary disease, and lead to retention and inspissation of 
smegma with formation of so-called preputial calculi. Miller saw phimosis 
in a bull with adhesion between the penis and prepuce, caused by a layer 
of strong connective tissue. After dividing the adhesion, the bull was 
incapable of coitus. 
Paraphimosis is a condition in which the glans cannot be retracted into 
the prepuce, either because the opening is too narrow or the glans too 
large. The peculiar formation of the penis and prepuce in the dog 
explains why it is so frequent a sufferer. In horses the outer fold of the 
sheath presents a wide opening through which the penis is easily retracted, 
though, when the preputial folds are greatly swollen, its return is some¬ 
times impossible,—a condition which has been described indifferently as 
paraphimosis or paralysis of the penis. Whether simple paralysis of the 
muscles concerned in withdrawing the penis into the prepuce ever occurs 
is doubtful. In such case the retractor penis, which derives its motor 
filaments from the 4th and 5th lumbar nerves and from the N. haemorr- 
hoidalis posterior, would probably be affected. In disease of the spinal 
cord, we certainly sometimes see paralysis of the muscle in question. 
More often the condition is due to injury of the penis, causing swelling of 
the glans and hindering its withdrawal into the sheath. Several reported 
cases also point to thrombosis of the vessels of the penis itself. Bang 
saw a gelding with thrombosis of the veins of the sheath. 
In the horse, inability to retract the penis is rarely caused by con¬ 
traction of the outer folds of the prepuce. Their width and disposition 
are unfavourable to the production of paraphimosis ; but swelling of the 
inner folds may in these animals cause prolapse of the penis and 
inability to retract it Such swelling, incorrectly described as paralysis 
of the penis, occurs temporarily during inflammation of the sheath and 
neighbouring parts, as, for example, after castration or injury to the 
penis. Slight wounds are sometimes followed by cellulitis in the sheath, 
as Haase noted after a blow from a whip. Moller has repeatedly seen 
this condition after irritant substances like pepper had been rubbed into 
