PARALYSIS AND INJURIES OF THE PENIS. 
395 
the penis and sheath. Bang noted it in a gelding, following thrombosis 
of the veins of the sheath. 
Swelling of the prepuce often remains after subsidence of the inflam¬ 
mation and interferes with the return of the penis. Inflammatory 
symptoms being absent, such cases have erroneously been looked on as 
paralysis of the penis. Cases do occur, however, where nothing 
abnormal can be detected either in the penis or prepuce, and yet, despite 
this, the glans cannot be retracted, or if replaced within the prepuce, 
at once falls forward. In such case the retractor penis may be 
paralysed. Paralysis may also afford an explanation of the cases which 
follow severe infectious diseases like purpura hsemorrhagica (Cagny) ; 
but at present we have no accurate information on the point. Injury 
and ulceration of the penis often occur as sequelae of paralysis, as the 
penis occasionally protrudes to such an extent as to be struck by the 
hind feet and wounded during movement. 
Local examination does much to differentiate the nature of the case. 
When no change is visible, and the penis is insensitive to pricks or 
pinches, paralysis may he surmised. In paralysis of the retractor 
penis, sensibility remains unimpaired. Particular attention must be 
paid to the prepuce ; it suffers more frequently than is generally 
supposed. 
Ruminants and swine very seldom suffer from paraphimosis, because 
in oxen the glans is very small, and in sheep and swine is altogether 
wanting. Tapken, however, saw a bull which, in attempting to cover a 
cow at grass, received several injuries to the penis. Recovery occurred 
in twelve days. 
In dogs the condition is favoured by the presence of long hairs around 
the prepuce, and it is often seen after coitus. Should the hairs become 
adherent to the penis during erection, their ends are apt to be afterwards 
drawn back into the prepuce. The edge of the latter is rolled round its 
outer surface, is turned inwards, and the further return of the penis 
prevented. The glans then begins to swell, which, of course, aggravates 
matters. Swelling of the glans from inflammation or new growths may 
also produce the condition. Bang found a ribbon twisted round the penis 
of a dog; the parts were much swollen. 
The glans is exposed, and shows more or less cedematous swelling ; its 
surface is shining, bright red, sometimes of a darker tint, often covered 
with dirt and dust, and not infrequently dry. The prepuce is tightly 
applied behind the swollen glans, strangulating it. When the disease 
has existed for some time, the parts may be injured or ulcerated. 
Haubner once had to remove the glans and os penis on account of necrosis; 
recovery followed in fourteen days. Apart from those caused by malig¬ 
nant new growths about the glans or by severe wounds to the penis 
