CATARRH OF THE UDDER. 
447 
The parts may also be washed with lukewarm solutions of disinfectants, 
particularly if the teats are injured. The udder must be kept warm, 
and may be covered with wadding to assist resolution. Some practitioners 
inject into the udder weak antiseptic solutions like 1 per cent, boric, 
carbolic, or creolin solutions. Full doses of the sulphates of soda or 
magnesia combat constipation, and stimulants sustain the animal’s 
strength. 
Local injuries must be kept as clean as possible by washing with a 
disinfecting fluid, after which they are smeared with any suitable 
material, like boric acid ointment (acid boric and ungt. paraffin, 1 to 10). 
Johne saw in cows furunculosis of the udder, which spread rapidly in the 
affected herds, and lasted for several months. Hard, red, painful swellings, 
as large as a hazel- or wal- nut, occurred in the skin of the udder, generally at 
the base of the back teats. The neighbouring tissues were also inflamed, often 
appeared livid, and the diseased centre soon increased to the diameter of a 
child’s fist. After three to four days it pointed and broke, when a necrotic 
plug was discharged along with the pus, in which, on microscopical examina¬ 
tion, a dead hair-follicle could be detected. Granulation and healing soon 
occurred. 
As a precautionary measure, Johne made the attendant wash both the udder 
and his hands twice daily with carbolic solution. Inoculation experiments 
were without result. 
(b) catarrh of the udder, m. catarrhalis. 
This disease consists of inflammation of the lining membrane of the 
milk ducts. Sometimes the galactophorous sinuses alone suffer, but 
generally the large milk ducts are also attacked. The process may also 
extend to the smaller milk ducts, and even into the alveoli of the gland. 
If the process is confined to the galactophorous sinus and larger milk 
ducts, the quantity of milk secreted is little diminished, though, as 
inflammatory exudate from the diseased mucous membrane is mixed 
with it, its quality may be considerably altered. The more the small 
ducts and alveoli are involved, the greater the diminution and change in 
the milk. In consequence, the disease by no means offers a constant train 
of symptoms. 
Causes. The fact that the disease is generally confined to one section 
of the udder indicates its origin through the sinuses. It is probably due 
to invasion by micro-organisms of slight virulence, which find a favour¬ 
able soil in the milk. Opportunities for such infection are very frequent, 
and this disease is often seen widely disseminated, being carried by 
intermediate bearers (milkers) from one animal to another. Tinally, 
microbes have been directly recognised in the diseased udder or in the 
milk, and the disease produced by injections of pure cultures. Ivitt 
thus produced catarrh of the udder with various microbes ; amongst 
others, those of blue milk, oidium lactis, arthrococcus lactis, and the 
