448 
CATARRH OF THE UDDER. 
bacillus of malignant oedema. Zfirn found micrococci, mycothrix 
threads, spores of rnucor mucedo, and yeast-like cells in the milk. 
Nocard and Mollereau recognised streptococci as the cause of the 
disease, Bang staphylococci and various bacilli. Hock saw the affection 
during the course of foot-and-mouth disease ; several portions of the 
udder were often simultaneously affected. 
Symptoms and progress. The surface of the udder is little changed ; 
swelling is often entirely wanting, while the redness may be slight, but 
pain in the depths can be detected on pressure, and by the sensitiveness 
shown during milking. General condition is little altered. 
I he principal changes are to be found in the milk, which contains 
clots of varying sizes, and often drops of fat. Eberhardt found the milk 
exhibited a yellowish covering of fat after standing; or sometimes it 
appeared reddish, from admixture of blood. The reaction is often 
normal, but it may prove acid or excessively alkaline. 
The process sets in suddenly, and attacks sometimes only one, some¬ 
times several sections of the udder. In most cases it disappears in a few 
days, the milk becoming normal; sometimes, however, it takes a chronic 
character, the milk retains its abnormal appearance, and may be mixed 
with pus, whilst the mucous membrane of the galactophorous sinus 
gradually becomes thickened, and feels on palpation like a firm cord; 
while the swelling extends from the sinus into other parts of the gland. 
Should the piocess in the smaller milk ducts become chronic, it occasions 
localised thickening and induration of the udder. In other cases the 
inflammation leads to stenosis or occlusion of the milk ducts, with 
change in the affected sections of the gland, the induration extending 
as far as the skin. Abscess formation, however, is not often seen until 
the disease has become chronic, i.e., until it has reached a stage when 
it can no longer be properly described as catarrhal. 
Prognosis depends principally on the course of the disease; the 
longer it has lasted the less the chance of recovery. In some cases 
the function of the udder may be destroyed for the whole of one 
lactation penod. Ihe outlook becomes very grave when extensive 
thickening and hardening take place, and even small thickenings may 
cause trouble on account of their forming new points of origin for the 
disease at the next milking period. 
Treatment. With a view to prevention, the greatest care should be 
taken against introducing infected probes, bougies, milk catheters, &c., 
into the mammary ducts and galactophorous sinuses. In enzootic 
outbieaks it is best to segregate the disease, and provide against 
tiansmission by the milker s hands. Beyond combating inflammation, 
little more than this can be done. It is very important, however, to 
withdraw the milk frequently, if possible hourly, and at such times 
