460 
TUMOURS OF TEE UDDER. 
in position for some time, so as to prevent adhesion, whilst the milk is 
prevented flowing away by stopping the canula with a cork. The trochar 
is also useful in occlusion of the duct by folds of mucous membrane, 
though success is often only temporary. It has been suggested to remove 
such obstructions by dividing them with the “ milk needle.” In this 
case also relief is rarely lasting. 
Madsen eradicated papillomatous growths from the galactophorous 
sinus by disinfecting the parts carefully, slitting the teat, removing the 
growth and suturing the wound. 
Septa in the sinus or duct have been ruptured by force applied from 
without. A portion of the udder is grasped between the fingers, and the 
contained milk suddenly pressed against the dividing membrane until 
the latter gives way. Some operators use special forceps with wide 
rounded jaws or even two rounded wooden staves covered with rubber 
tubes, between which a portion of the gland is grasped and the milk so 
forced against the septum. 
(4.) TUMOUBS OF THE UDEEE. 
Tumours of the udder are oftenest seen in bitches, less frequently in 
cows and mares. In cows and bitches they usually take the form of 
warts, and are much commoner on the teats than on the udder. Fre¬ 
quently they are pedunculated, and from 1 line to \ an inch or more in 
length. Those on the surface of the udder are usually larger and have 
broader bases ; in cows, they have even been seen as large as a man’s 
head. Their surface is rough and horny, sometimes moist and inflamed 
from injury during milking. Kunze found the udder of a four year old 
cow covered with numerous warts 4 inches long and § inch thick, so that 
it resembled a large cauliflower growth ; the warts were removed by 
ligature, and by swabbing with pure sulphuric acid. 
Less frequently polypi occur on the mucous membrane of the 
mammary or milk ducts, and may interfere with the discharge of 
milk. 
Cysts, varying from the size of a hazel-nut to that of a hen’s egg, are 
sometimes discovered in the udder after slaughter. They are generally 
retention cysts, caused by closure of single gland ducts; their contents 
are sometimes clear, sometimes turbid from contained masses of fat. 
They are difficult to detect during life, only those which are superficial 
exhibiting fluctuation; those in the depths can scarcely be differentiated 
from indurations. 
Sarcomata are seen in cows and bitches. Carcinomata and enchon- 
dromata are a frequent source of trouble in bitches. Stockmann has 
described two cases of adenoma of the udder in bitches, in both of which 
