CYSTS AND TUMOURS OF THE UDDER. 
461 
there was fatal pulmonary metastasis. One case, which was not operated 
on, had been visibly unwell for a week before death ; in the other the 
mammary growth was excised ; death followed by gradually increasing 
dyspnoea on the fourteenth day. Stockmann regards adenomata as the 
commonest malignant neoplasms in the bitch, and states that their 
primary seat is usually in the mammary gland. Carcinomata are also 
stated to have been seen in the mare. Such malignant tumours occur 
in a multiple form, and carcinomata are usually accompanied by swelling 
of the lymph glands. In bitches, the skin is often under great tension, 
the swelling sinks and forms a pendulous tumour, and its position then 
favours injury and ulceration. 
In forming a prognosis, the nature, seat, and size of the new growth 
must all be taken into account. In cows, warts on the teats give pain 
during milking, thus rendering the animals restless, and do not disappear 
spontaneously as in other positions, like the mouth. 
Operative removal is not difficult, but the pain during milking is not 
diminished but rather increased on account of the wound. It is there¬ 
fore best to wait until lactation ceases. If this cannot be done, 
pedunculated warts must be removed close to the skin, using scissors, 
and the surface cauterised with nitrate of silver, which will also check 
any slight bleeding. In case of subsequent pain during milking, the 
milk must be removed from the affected quarter by the teat syphon. 
Warts on the surface of the udder only require treatment when they 
interfere with milking. In attempting enucleation, the gland sub¬ 
stance must be carefully avoided, and therefore it is well to defer 
operation until after lactation, or remove the milk by syphon, bearing- 
in mind the precautions mentioned in the section on “ Stenosis of the 
Mammary Duct.” 
In bitches, malignant tumours, even if extensively developed, may 
generally be removed without danger to life. The general rules for such 
cases are to operate in the loose connective tissue, remove secondary 
growths as far as possible, and suture the skin, so that after applying a 
dressing, rapid union may occur. A dose of morphine prevents the 
animal loosening the stitches. Should primary union not be obtained, 
the parts are treated as an open wound. The fact that the dog licks the 
wound usually renders cleansing unnecessary, and healing almost always 
occurs without difficulty, even after removal of malignant tumours. 
Secondary growths certainly often occur, but operation may be repeated. 
Even though recovery is not complete, the owner is often contented if 
the animal’s life is prolonged for some years. 
Up to the present, diseases of the ovary in animals have received little 
attention ; the ovary seldom appears to become inflamed, whilst tumours 
