148 The American Geologist. ^'*''^''' ^^^^ 
Lack of direct railroad connection for shipment however 
is a great handicap and its operations have been intermit- 
tent as a consequence. Several years of experience on the 
ground also has led the company to abandon some of their 
earlier equipment. Burning is now done with slack coal in 
two open 42 foot continuous kilns. Formerly the cement 
rock for the works was obtained from the 70 foot face of the 
blufT, but this proved unsatisfactory through lack of uni- 
formity. At the present time cement rock is mined from a 
7 foot bed near the base of the bluff. 
This rock is drab to grayish green in color with numer- 
ous small white specks. It is very fine grained and uniform 
and massive rather than shaly in habit. It breaks out in 
large blocks and is reasonably resistant and tough, although 
soft and earthy in feel and easily worked. The bed is set 
off sharply both above and below by bedding planes. Little 
timbering seems to be required and the workings are com- 
paratively dry. The bedding is not quite horizontal. There 
is a slight dip toward the northeast. Besides these are 
two small faults with displacements of one to two feet. 
Joints all ruil E and W. and in displacements it is the east- 
ern side tliat has dropped. 
A complete chemical analysis of the rock at this locality 
is not at hand. Tests however made by the writer for com- 
partive purposes on the lime content gave CaCO^, equal to 
55.13 per cent. 
The Little Pemb'na Section — In the Little Pembina 
gorge also the cement beds are cut into, and in its lower 
course, before joining the main Pembina river, the underly- 
ing clay shales are also uncovered. Nowhere however, is there 
any special quality of material or any special attractions of 
location to encovirage development of either marls or clays. 
The cement bed is the same as that at Tongue river and is 
doubtless of similar grade. The writer has, however, carried 
the investigation no farther than an identification of the beds. 
The Big Pembina Section — The main Pembina river, 
where it" emerges from the highland country of the Pembina 
mountains cuts 400 feet into cement marls and clay shales. 
By adding to this the higher beds that appear in ascending 
the stream a few miles as much more is found, so that the 
