Drumlin Areas in Northern Michigan — Russell 177 
The paleonlologic studies of the writer not only add verv 
largely to the previous data regarding the faunas of these 
beds, but also show; i, that the five "clay marl" formations 
of Knapp and Kiimmel are as sharply differentiated by their 
fossil contents as by their lithologic characters ; and 2. that 
the "yellow sand" of Cook, which was finally referred to the 
Miocene by Clark, is of Cretaceous age, being an arenaceous 
facies of the Vincentown lime-sand formation. 
DRUMLIN AREAS IN NORTHERN MICHIGAN.* 
Israel C Russell, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
There are at least two regions in the Northern Peninsula 
of Michigan, in which drumlins form the most conspicuous 
features of the topography. One of these areas includes 
Les Cheneaux Islands and a part of the adjacent mainland, 
on the north shore of lake Huron ; and the other area is sit- 
uated principally in Menominee county, to the west of Green 
bay. 
Les Cheneaux islands area embraces about 70 square 
miles, the numerous drumlins within it are of the elongate, 
ridge-like type, are in general about 40 feet high, and trend 
N. W. and S. E. The direction of ice movement to which 
the drumlins are due, as recorded by striae, etc., on rock sur- 
faces, was from the N. W. towards the S. E. - Many of the 
drumlins are partially submerged in the water of lake Huron 
and form Les Cheneaux islands and the capes on the border 
of the adjacent mainland ; the conspicuous parallelism of the 
longer axes of the islands and of the neighboring capes, is 
due to this cause. The drumlins are for the most part be- 
low the horizon of the Xipissing beach, and have been 
washed by lake waters so as to remove the greater part of 
the. fine material formerly present on their surfaces, and 
concentrate the stones and boulders. 
The Menominee area occupies at least 150 s(|uare miles, 
and contains many hundred and probably several thousand 
drumlins. The drumlins are most of the ridge like type, are 
usually about 40 feet high, and their longer axes trend N. E. 
and S. W. The till of which they are composed is reddish, 
* Abstract of a paper read at the Philadelphia meeting, G. 
Dec, 1904. 
