Review of Recent Geological Literature. i8i 
the contrary, so far as can be observed, the extrusion of sand in 
considerable amounts seems to be a feature strictly associated with 
the earthquake. In the writer's opinion there was little prelimin- 
ary undermining, the extrusion of the quisksand, which when sat- 
urated will often flow like water, being limited essentially to the 
period of shock. The permanent warping of the surface would ap- 
pear to be due to the contemporaneous undermining at certain 
points due to the removal of the sand and a readjustment within the 
quicksand bed at other points. m. l. f. 
New Species and a New Genus of Batrachian Footprints of the 
Carboniierous System in Eastern Canada. By Q. F. Matthew. 
[Trans. Royal Society of Canada, 2d Ser. vol. x, Sec. IV, p. 77, 
Ottawa, 1904.] 
This article is the result of Dr. Matthew's studies of some addi- 
tional species of fossil footprints from the Carboniferous system of 
eastern Canada. 
It furnishes a more complete review of the forms already 
treated of in his former paper published in the Canadian Record 
of Science, Montreal, and of earlier articles on the same subject to 
be found in the Bulletin of the Natural History Society (St. John, 
N. B.) and in the Transaction of the Royal Society of Canada. 
The six plates of figures with the article, show how different 
Jn type are footprints of the Carboniferous time from those of the 
Jura-Trias; which is quite in keeping with the distinctness in or- 
ganization of the quadrupeds of the two epochs. 
The article has a special value in presenting more clearly, and 
from additional evidence, the characters of Dawson's genus Hylopus, 
which is herein considerably limited. It gives additional particu- 
lars of Dawson's remarkable species Sauropu^ unguifer, which is 
referred to the genus Pseudobradypus (See Can. Rec. Sci., vol. ix, 
No. 2, p. 109). 
Special comparisons of these Carboniferous fossil footprints, 
are made with. those of the living frog and alligator, as regards the 
number, of toe prints made and the attitude of the toes. The mat- 
ter of the trail of the belly or the tail shown in some of these fossil 
tracks is also discussed. 
The conclusion arrived at is that there are marked peculiarities 
In the fossil prints that distinguish them from those of modern rep- 
tiles and amphibians, as typified in the alligator and frog, and show 
them to have belonged to a different order or orders of animals. 
As regards the length of stride in these creatures, " the blunt- 
toed species hold a middle place, and those whose bodies or tails 
trailed upon the ground, took much shorter steps than the others. 
Many of the long-toed forms, though not all, had a long stride." 
Dodge's Advanced Geography. R. E. Dodge pp. xix and 333. Rand. 
McNally & Co., 1904, price, $1.20. 
