184 The American Geologist. *^'*'"<='^' ^^^'^ 
can not be considered as indicating such a relationship. The fauna 
is referable in age to the Missourian of the Mississippi valley. The 
entire section of Carboniferous rocks is designated as the Chinati 
series. 
The Lower Cretaceous sediments rest on the Carboniferous 
rocks. Here professor Udden's study of the minute structure of the 
rocks has enabled him to divide them into formations based on con- 
ditions of sedimentatiou. His section of the Cretaceous rocks, in 
descending order follows: Buda limestone ? 70 feet; Del Rio 
clay ? 80 feet; Edwards limestone, 350 feet; Shafter beds. 700 
feet; Presidio beds, 400 feet. 
The sedimentary deposits are interrupted and tilted by intru- 
sive granites, lava flows, dikes and faults. One of the features in- 
teresting to geologists is that the old caves developed in the thick 
Carboniferous limestone, near the disturbed region, are filled to 
some extent with ore, which has been one of the productive sources 
of silver. The faults, fissures and smaller cavities are mineralized 
also. 
The report is illustrated by plates, sections and map. The dis- 
cussion of the minute characters of the rocks, the topography and 
structure occupy a considerable space, and numerous sections and 
lists of fossils are given. J. W. B. 
The Tower of Pelee; new studies of the great volcano of Martinique. 
AngeloHeilprin. Quarto, pp. 62, 23 plates. 1904. J B. Lippin- 
cott Company, Philadelphia and London. 
• 
Prof. Heilprin has been an earnest and enterprising explorer 
of the unfortunate island of Martinique. He has visited it three 
times. His last visit culminated in a special examination of that 
remarkable tower which has become one of the famous features 
of a famous volcano, "Nature's monument to 30,000 dead who lay 
in the silent city below, it rose up a huge monolith, 830 feet above 
the newly constructed summit of the volcano, and 5,020 feet above 
the Caribbean surface, — a unique and incomparable type in our 
planet's wonderland." 
Prof. Heilprin shows that the earliest known, or probable, ob- 
servation on the embryo tower was on May 31, 1902, about three 
•weeks after the first great eruption. It had an interrupted exist- 
ence. With a continual tendency to rise it was destroyed hy the 
later explosions and shocks, the summit being specially liable to 
decapitation. It rose from 20 to 30 feet per day for a period of a 
month, constantly changing its form, its greatest hight being stated 
to have been about 5,200 feet, viz: on May 30-31, 1903. On that 
day it lost 180 feet. The composition of the tower seems to have 
been pumiceous andesyte; it was constantly penetrated by steam 
which rose through vertical fissures sometimes even to the summit. 
It was apparently at first a mass of more or less consolidated 
andesyte and perhaps of volcanic ejecta of earlier ages, probably 
