238 The American Geologist. ^i'"'- ^^^o. 
general level, which has all the appearance of a terrace, is 
covered with loess, and extends, upon an average, for about 
a mile back from the river, where it is bordered by an ab- 
rupt ridge, rising about 200 feet higher. The terrace con- 
tinues southward through Leavenworth, and is distinguish- 
able at Lansing, a distance of several miles, while on the 
other side of the ridge from the fort the same level con- 
tinues for an indefinite distance northward. An examin- 
ation of this one instance is sufificient to convince the ob- 
server that wind alone would be inadequate to produce the 
results. It is just such a result as is continually being pro- 
duced by flooded streams. Other instances can be adduced 
almost without number. vSuch a well-defined terrace as 
this exists within the limits of Omaha itself at a hight of 
100 to 150 feet. 
3. The question concerning the prevalence of land 
snails in the loess and the absence of distinct water species 
is answered by observations recently made by Miss Owen 
on the fossils of the loess at St. Joseph soon to be published. 
If I am not mistaken distinct water species are not often 
found upon the flood-plains of streams, where the water 
remains for only a short time. 
4. Jn ''stripping of its verbiage" my account of the 
glacial boulders found at Tuscumbia, sixty miles above the 
mouth of the Osage river. Prof. Shimek has stripped it of 
its principal significance. He adduces the case of a small 
boulder found at Eureka, Kan., 75 miles southwest of the 
extreme limit of glaciation in the valley of the Arkansas 
river as comparable in significance to the clusters of bould- 
ers weighing several tons which were found in the trough 
of the Osage river. But there is really no comparison be- 
tween the facts. The Eureka pebble may in some way 
have come down the Arkansas valley from the Rocky 
mountains, or it may have been carried some distance by 
the hands of man, for it only weighed 360 pounds. But the 
Osage river boulders (one of Avhich would weigh three or 
four tons) tell a very dififerent story, as any one who reads 
my description, giving due weight to the "verbiage," may 
easily see. • 
5. In connection with the same criticism and one 
