Artesian Water for Minneapolis. — Winchell. 285 
expenses of installing the system and connecting it with the 
present pumping station were to be included, it would be at 
least a liberal estimate still to place the total cost not to exceed 
$100,000.00. 
Experience in St. Paul and Other Cities. 
St. Paul City Deep Wells. — The water system of St. Paul is 
primarily one of lakes. By a series of conduits water is con- 
ducted from a number of small lakes mostly in the northern 
part of Ramsey county, but partly in Anoka county, as shown 
on the map furnished me by Mr. Winslow, of the St. Paul En- 
gineering Department, who has charge of the deep wells oper- 
ated by the city. 
It was found that the supply was insufficient and resort was 
had to deep wells. There are two systems of these wells, the 
Centerville and the Vadnais lake systems. A successful test 
well was sunk at Vadnais lake in 1891, and this system has now 
increased to ten wells. Of these, seven are shallow wells, not 
going into the rock but they are deep enough to obtain water 
from the Jordan sandstone. This system has a capacity of 
4,200,000 gallons per day. This water is pumped into the main 
conduit as it passes from Vadnais lake. Mr. Winslow also 
gave me a blue print of the ground plan and section of the 
Vadnais lake system.* 
The deepest well of this system was put down last year, and 
it is in constant use in supplying pure water to the lake water 
reservoir at Vadnais lake, although the full capacity of the 
Vadnais Lake system is used only in summer when the lakes 
run low. The Centerville system was developed during 1896. 
Here are 28 wells, of which 18 are shallow, depending on the 
gravel in the surface of the drift for their supply, and 10 are 
drilled into the rock, obtaining a supply from the Jordan sand- 
stone. These deep wells are 10 inches in diameter, but the 
shallow wells are 8 inches. The shallow wells are 62 to 100 feet 
in depth, the deep well from 350 to 523 feet deep, situated along 
the shore of Centerville lake. Each well, as shown by the ac- 
companying blue print, has a separate connection with the main 
pipe, making it possible to connect up and test any well, or any 
number of them whenever desired. The capacity of the Cen- 
*Blue prints were shown. 
