The Pegtnatyte Veins of Pala — Waring. 3O1 
much crumpled. Plate xxiii, fig. i, is of a hand specimen of 
this rock. 
Veins of the Pala Region. By far the largest and most 
distinctive vein is near the western side of the noryte boss. 
The outcrop is on the east slope of the hill and is plainly 
traceable for over half a mile. The northern portion con- 
sists mainly of pegmatyte, with no tourmaline or lepidolite. 
About the middle of its exposed length, black tourma- 
lines appear in a coarse quartz-feldspar-mica matrix. Often 
these tourmaline crystals, several inches in length, are 
broken into many pieces and displaced slightly. Lepidolite 
begins to show here in small veins, and farther south at the 
lithia mine, it develops into a large mass — 60 feet through 
in the thickest place. This mass consists of small particles 
of lithia mica and feldspar. Near the southern end of this 
are found the beautiful specimens containing radiating 
bunches of rubellite, a specimen of which is shown in plate 
xxiv. Still farther toward the southern end of the outcrop 
only black tourmaline occurs. 
Two smaller veins outcrop on this hill, farther west, 
and exposed higher up. On them are located the Tourma- 
line King and Tourmaline Queen mines, from which some 
gem tourmalines have been taken. The next vein of note 
east of the big lithia deposit is that of the Pala Chief kun- 
zite mine. The vein has the same structure as the others ; 
pockets seem more plentiful, however, and in them are 
found quartz crystals of large size. The eastern part of 
this noryte area contains many veins, often only a few feet 
apart. Some difference in the occurrence of the rarer min- 
erals is noted in the veins though no strict rule is followed. 
In a general way, however, in the westernmost veins 
lepidolite is more plentiful, tourmaline in the more central, 
and kunzite in those to the east. 
Character of the Intrusive Rocks The gabbro of this 
area varies in texture from a fine-grained hypersthene rock 
to one containing large feldspars with only green horn- 
blende. Near the eastern end of the noryte is a small area, 
only a hundred yards in extent, over which the surface is 
strewn with rounded pebbles from one to three inches in 
diameter. These "orbicules" have resulted from the 
