The Pegmatyte Veins oi Pala— Waring. 367 
None of the minerals of the rare elements, tourmaline, 
spodumene, beryl or lepidolite, occur outside of the pegma- 
titic formation. 
None of the common rock-forming minerals could take 
up these rare elements, and an igneous magma is not con- 
ducive to their crystallization as complex silicates ; hence 
they remained uncombined until forced out with the erup- 
tion of the pegmatyte. In this hydrous magma conditions 
were favorable, so they crystallized out as the rarer sili- 
cates. The plentiful occurrence of tourmaline indicates 
fumarole action also to have been a prominent factor in this 
period. 
Types of Veins. The different types of veins observed 
may now be summed up into six classes. 
1. Veins in the normal granite, containing only ortho- 
clase and biotite. 
2. Veins in the normal dioryte, containing quartz, 
feldspar, biotite and black tourmaline. 
3. The pegmatitic vein in intrusive (?) granite, (east 
of Fallbrook), containing quartz, feldspar, mica, black tour- 
maline, fibrolite, and quartz crystals enclosing black tour- 
malines. 
4. The pegmatitic vein in hypersthene dioryte (in 
Temecula canyon) showing graphic granite and banded 
quartzyte structure, but not mineralized. 
5. Pegmatyte veins of Pala in noryte, highly miner- 
alized, containing lepidolite, amblygonite, spodumene, tour- 
maline, quartz and feldspars. 
6. Pegmatyte veins of Rincon in intrusive ( ?) granite, 
also mineralized but with a different association of miner- 
als — quartz, orthoclase, muscovite and beryl. 
From the previous discussion it is seen that the most 
highly mineralized veins are in an area of noryte — a basic 
hypersthene rock. The more acid hypersthene-bearing 
dykes show the pegmatitic structure, but are not mineral- 
ized, while in normal dioryte and granite, no pegmatitic 
structure was observed. 
The present surface near Pala probably represents the 
original zone of anamorphism at the time of intrusion, while 
the more acid diorytes of Fallbrook may represent an or- 
