2<) Tlu' AniirK-Oii (i<<i/i>qi.\f. .laiiuiirv, 18!i:5 
with the Scniidinavian nzoic n'^ioii. m- wluit Sucss h:is ("illcd 
'' the Hiiltic shield. " This comprises Sweih'ii. Noi-way. Kinhiiid, 
and the l\()la p'-ninsiila. nv a well (U'lined Iract where the ohl 
roeks are hiid bare by erosion and the surronndinir lands thickly 
covered with youno;er sediment. Tiie limit of tlie iialtic shield. 
Avliere it has been directly observed, and perhaps e\ crywliere. is 
marked by orcat faults. Now the isol>ase for zi-ro. or the l)oun- 
dary for the u|>lifted area, seems all the way a little outside of 
tile alK)\'e nanu'd limit and follows very conspicuously its con- 
vexities and concavities. Likewise all the other isobases point to 
a close connection between the upheaval and tlie neolosjical 
and to a certain extent the lopoi;rai)hical structure of th«' land. 
Thus it is commonly found that hiuher tracts have been raised 
more than lower : and the liasins of the uivat Swedish lakes. 
Wener and probably also Wettei. have been less uplifted than 
their snrrouudini>s. which mi<ilit indicate that they wi-re origin-, 
ally more depressed and \-eiy j)rol»al)ly formed l)y une(pial sultsi-; 
denee. . ; , 
The c<)incidence Itetween the areas t»f erosion, j^lacitition. and 
upheaval may l»e thus explained ; as in continental areas in gen- 
erat. this old tract of erosion has probably in the m;iin been oiie 
of upheaval, while tlu^ contrury was the case with the sur- 
roundinu reirions. where the sediment was accumulatinji to a viay 
considerable extent. Durinji" the ice asi'i'. amonu" other iiii>h 
lands, the lialtic shield reci'ived an ice-sheet e([Ual in weight to 
more than a thousand feet in thickness of the rocks which had 
Ijeen eroded away during j>revious periods. ,Vs .Jamioon h>Jig 
since suggested, it is very probable that the crust of the earth 
must yield and subsidence of land take place beneath this added 
load. Therefore it is reasonatde that the movements in the crust 
should lie very much dependent iipon its geological structure. 
When tin' ice-load disappeared, the laml partly re-emerged, 
until a lialance was reached, which seems to have ha|)pi'ned lie- 
t'ore the original liight was attained, a part <»f the change having 
become permanent. 
If the ice-load was tlu' I'sscntial cans,' of the sui>mergen«'e. a 
still larger subsidence nuist lie supposed to have followed after 
the ea]-lier and greater glaciatiou. Il is true that very few traces 
of un(|uestionabU' interglacial maiine deposits have lieen found, 
and that these ar*' all alouii the liound.-irv .of the late irlacial re- 
