The Pi'€-('retace<)iis of CaJIfornia. — Falrhank^^. 73 
covered b}' the Tertiary in places. The rocks exhibit as usual 
the effects of intense dynamical action, but have not been greatly 
metamorphosed. Tney have been intruded by a great variety of 
ancient eruptives which are much decomposed. In Santa Bar- 
bara county the Santa Lucia range becomes merged in the Cuyama 
mountains, but the rocks are finely exposed in the. canon of the 
Santa Maria river. In the central portion of the county they 
finally disappear beneath the Tertiary, which rises in mountains 
five to six thousand feet high. The most southerly outcrop of 
the peculiar Coast range metamorphics forms a line of hills along 
the western slope of the San Raphael mountains on the borders 
of the Santa Ynez valley. Here are jasper, sandstone and 
glaucophane schists. Here as well as in the Cuyama range the 
rocks have the same lithological character and have undergone 
the same crushing as the almost unbroken line of outcrops ex- 
tending north to Shasta county. Secondary silicification is often 
pi'esent, but is not as characteristic as farther north. The over- 
lying Tertiary sandstone, shale and banded flints, are folded but 
not metamorphosed or crushed. In southeastern Santa BarVjara 
and northern Ventura counties the Tertiary beds have been 
enormously elevated, forming very rugged mountains five to eight 
thousand feet high. 
As we go south of Monterey the pre- Cretaceous series gradu- 
ally sinks, and the middle Tertiar}' becomes more and more 
prominently developed, until in the region just described, it forms 
the whole of the exposed portion of the mountains between the 
San Joaquin valley and the ocean. 
The other prominent mountains of southern California included 
by Prof. Whitney in the Coast range system are the Santa Monica 
and the Santa Ana. The Santa Monica belongs to the east and 
west system of ranges, and has been classed b}' the earlier geolo- 
gists who have studied it as Tertiary. The range was examined 
in a number of places with very different results. Miocene sand- 
stones appear in the hills along Santa Monica canon for two miles 
when they are replaced b^' black slates. Both these formations 
dip south at a small angle but no contact could l)e found. Farther 
up the canon the slates are replaced by dark argillitic sandstones. 
They become more metamorphosed near the summit where there 
is incipient crystallization In Coldwater canon the Metamorphic 
series appears for some distance, and is then replaced by dioritic 
