Revieir of Reeeiit* (jcolixjical Lltrrature. Hit 
Oayeux, who pronounces them to be Kadiolarians which bek)ng to 
the Monospha-ricla', the most primitive forms ol' the .tfroiip. These 
fossils, says M. Barrois, are the most ancient organic remains found 
in France and probably in the world. The highly metamorphosed 
character of the (luartzyte, in which the fossils are found, and of the 
associated gneisses is due, at least in part, to intrusions of granite. 
These rocks belong to a series of moi'e or less crystalline schists 
which are pre-Cambrian in age (/. <■. corresjwnding to our Ontarian), 
but they overlie the fundamental coniplox' of granites and gneisses 
( Lauren tian). 
Tlu'. Chamjilaiii iSiiliiiicr'jciict'. By Waiikex Utuam. Bulletin, G. S. 
A., vol. Ill, pp. 508-511. Marine fossils in beds overlying the glacial 
drift show that the northeastern part of North America stood lower 
than now during the Champlain epoch, or time of departure of the 
last ice-sheet. The depression was litfle at Boston, increasing to 
about 300 feet along the coast of Elaine and southern New Brunswick, 
520 feet at Montreal, 300 to 500 feet southwest of .James bay, and 1,000 
to 2,000 feet in northern Greenland and Grinnell land. From the 
Champlain submergence the land was raised somewhat higher than 
now, and its latest movement from New Jersey to southern (-Jreenland 
has been a moderate depression, attested in many places by stumps 
of forests, rooted where they grew, and by peat beds now submerged 
by the sea. The vertical extent of this recent sinking has been at 
least 80 feet at the head of the bay of Fundy. 
Similarly in Scandinavia the observations of Baron de Geer prove 
for that country a depression with maximum of probably 1,000 feet 
near the center of the peninsula, while the land was enveloped by the 
ice-sheet ; a postglacial re-elevation to a hight in some tracts of about 
100 feet above that of the present time ; a second subsidence of the 
country, less than the first; and a second uplifting, which is now 
slowly in progress. The author concludes that "so extensive agree- 
ment on opposite sides of the Atlantic in the oscillations of the land 
while it was ice-covered, and since the departure of the ice-sheets^ 
has probably resulted from similar causes, namely, the pressure of the 
ice-weight and the resilience of the earth's crust when it was unbur- 
dened. The restoration of isostatic ecjuilibrium in each country is 
attended by minor oscillations, the conditions requisite for repose be- 
ing over-passed by the early re-elevation of outer portions of each of 
these great glaciated areas." 
.\<)h' oil till- Miihllifmi fnniKiliiHi (if TiiiiiiK!<i^i\ Mi!<>iixsiiijii,(iinl Alithuiiiii. 
By jA>n;s M. Safkiiki). Bulletin, G. S. A., vol. nr, pp. 511, 512. This 
formation, named with the concurrence of Profs. E. VC. ililgard and 
E. A. Smith, comprises the lowest Eocene beds in the states, 
mentioned. It is named for the town of ^liddleton. on the ."Memphis, 
and Charleston raili'oad in llardciiiiin county, Tennessee. 
