134 The American G eoloffht . Fpiimary, issa 
sea level. To the southward on the East Main river similar strati- 
fied sands and clays extend continuously inland for one liundred and 
ten miles, at that distance being about six hundred feet above sea 
level, ^larine fossil shells occur in these beds forty miles inland. It 
is jiointed out that as the elevation along tlie Atlantic coast of Lab- 
rador is only about 200 feet, by the theory, that the greatest elevation 
occurred in areas of the greatest accumulation, the ice-cap must have 
been much thicker on the west side of Labrador than on its eastern 
slope. 
Robert Chalmers — The bight of the bay of Fiindy coast in the 
glacial period relative to sea level, as evidenced by marine fos- 
sils in the boulder clay at Saint John, New Brunswick. 
The fossiliferous boulder-clay referred toby the author, is found on 
the coast of the bay of Fundy, just west of Saint John harl)or, and 
forms a bunk from 40 to HO feet in hight above sea level, (ilacial 
stria', varying in direction from S. 2- \V. to S. 65° E. (true merid- 
ian), occur on the rocks beneath it. The nuiterials of the boulder- 
clay have all been brought from the north by land-ice. Intercalated 
in it are seams of stratified clay containing arctic shells ( )'o?(/*V' arr- 
fica, &c), in a good state of preservation. These are also found in 
the unstratified deposits immediately overlying the latter. The author 
therefore concludes, (1) that the boulder-clay here was produced by 
successive accretions of material in a zone of oscillation of the ice- 
front; and, (2) that when the stratified and overlying unstratified 
portions were deposited the land must have stood 100 to 200 feet lower 
than at the present day. 
W. J. McGee — The Pleistocene history of north-eastern Iowa. 
Warren Upham- — Eskers near Rochester, N. Y. 
Warren Upham — Comparison of Pleistocene and present ice 
sheets. 
(t. Frederick Wright — The i)osl-glacial outlet of the great 
lakes through lake Nipissing and the Mattawa river. 
N. H. Darton — On certain features in the distribution of the 
Columbia formation on the middle Atlantic slope. 
This pa])er was a description of relations indicating an interval of 
erosion between the depositions of the high-level and low-level por- 
tions of the formation, beginning in southern IMarylaiid and gradually 
increasing northward to New .Fersey. 
(xEORGE M. Dawson — Note on the iicology of .Middleton Island, 
Alaska. (Read by R. W. Ells.) ^ 
This short paper was devoted i)rinci|)ally to the description of a 
boulder-clay or till from INIiddleton island, which is found to contain 
some marine fossils. 
lloHKRT W. Ells — On the liaurentian of the Ottawa distri(tt. 
The author first discussi'd the early views of Sir Wm. Logan on (he 
structure of the Laurentian, north of the Ottawa, stated in the earlier 
reports of the Geological Survey, in which the estinuited thickness of 
the rocks of the system, including th(> Anorthosites, then regarded as 
an integral ])art of a gradually ascending series of metamor|)hic sedi- 
ments, was stated at 32,750 feet. In this thickness were included at 
least four distinct bands of limestone, which were supposed to be sep- 
arated by areas of red orthoclase gneiss, in masses ."i.OOO to 4,000 
feet thick. The recent work in this district has shown that the Anor- 
thosite is an intrusive mass of later date than the gneiss and lime- 
