Pleistocene Ptqxf.s^ Ottan'o ^fvetiixj of (j. S. A. 175 
portant changes of altitude, even though they may have taken 
place in a short time, seem sufficient for discrimination of distinct 
epochs, but these are proved by concurrence of all the criteria 
cited. 
Pleistocene plienoinfiia in the reyioii sDiif/ieast and east of LdLc 
Athahascd, Caneula. By J. B. Tvrkell. This paper described 
a large region extending from lake Athal)asca to Cree, Hatchet, 
and Reindeer lakes. The striation ranges mainly from south- 
west to due west, Iteing nearly at right -angles with the south- 
southeastward and southward striation of the vicinity. of Winni- 
peg and lake Manitoba. On the Archtean gneissic and granitic 
rocks till is usual!}' scanty, but on the contiguous tracts of sand- 
stone it occurs in larger amount and is sometimes amassed in 
plentiful and prominent drumlins. One of the most noteworthy 
areas of drumlins is crossed by the outlet from Hatchet lake to 
lake Athabasca, and another is the district of Cree lake. Many 
typically oval and steep drumlins rise as islands in Cree lake to 
hights of 100 to 200 feet and are surrounded by water 70 feet 
deep near their bases. p]skers are also well developed in various 
parts of this region, together with plateaus and plains of gravel 
and sand, deserted river channels, and beaches of glacial lakes 
150 feet or more above the existing lakes. 
In discussion, Prof. HrrrnforK asked whether all the striie 
observed about lake ManitoI)a run south-southeasterly and 
southerly', to which Mr. T\'rrei,l replied in the affirmative. 
Prof. Wrkhit inquired whether the Laurentian boulders of 
Assiniboia and Alberta were brought across the region of lakes 
Winnipeg and Manitoba. Mr. TvRRErj, answered that more 
prol)ably they were l)rought from portions of the Arehft'an belt 
farther northwest, as al)Out Reindeer and Athabasca lakes. 
Mr. UiMiAM remarked that the occurrence of the drumlins only 
on limited tracts, while the greater part of the country explored 
had none, is like their distribution in the regions where they had 
been described previously in northwest(;rn Manitoba, the northern 
United States, and southern New Brunswick. 
Dr. Rem. directed attention to an early southwestward glacia- 
tion of the Reindeer lake and Athabascan region, by which the 
Laurentian boulders were proliably carried thence across the 
Canadian extension of the (xreat Plains to the Rocky mount- 
ains. 
