2<>() The Aiaerlcan Geologit<t. March, i893 
long residence in the locality, have been referred to in detail in 
papers elsewhere. All that is attempted here is a brief resume 
of some of the more important points. 
East of the city lies the valley of the Little Miami river, the 
width of which is far greater than the volume of the stream at 
present justifies. The valley at the point where it enters the 
Ohio is some four or five miles wide, and is without rock an}' where 
extept on its borders. At Ked Bank station, about five miles from 
the mouth, is a very heav}' deposit of water-worn gravel, far 
above the present level of the river, forming, in fact, a second 
bottom or terrace. This terrace extends to Batavia Junction, 
where it is made up. of fine silt, cla}', conglomerate and till, ris- 
ing 100 feet or so above the ordinary stage of water. About two 
miles further up the valley to the northeast, near Milford, is an- 
other, and an enormous bank of gravel, about \k miles long and 
a mile wide, and of unknown depth. The top of this is nearly 
level and abuts against the bank where the rock is exposed. 
Extending northwest from Batavia Junction, and at present 
filled ^Yith drift, is a wide valley, reaching to Madison ville, some 
five or six miles. At this point a lake-like expansion occurs, and 
the valky turns westward, encount(n-ing at Ludlow Grove, on the 
line of Mill Creek valley another veiy extensive })ank of gravel. 
Now it is impossible that the Milford liank was deposited by any 
stream only as large as the Little Miami now is ; and it is equally 
impossible that any existing stream could form the deposits at 
Batavia Junction, Red Bank and Ludlow Grove. The deposits 
are undoubtedly of glacial and of water origin. We know that 
the countr}' to the northward was occupied by glaciers. Beds of 
till with alnindance of striated pebl)les indicate this, and the lower 
places were inevitably filled with ice. Once in the valleys men- 
tioned the ice foot would extend to the Ohio river, would fill its 
bed, and would thus block its course. 
A second valley, lying on the west of the city and now occu- 
pied by Mill creek, is also a pre-glacial channel, filled at its mouth 
with a mass of gravel and drift which gradually increases in 
thickness to the north. The (Mncinnati terrace is also of pre-gla- 
cial origin, and probaltly represents the ancient bed of the Ohio 
when it flowed at a higher level than now. At Ludlow Grove the 
Mill creek valle}- and that from Batavia Junction and Madison- 
ville unite, and toiiether extend to Hamilton, some 20 miles north, 
