Early Man in Minnesota. — Holmes. 225 
was here on this camp site a slight convexity of the surface, the 
result, no doubt, of building up of kitchen-midden material. The 
remnant of this accumulation is occupied b}' a blacksmith shop 
and could not be thoroughly examined. K section exposed b}' re- 
cent repairs to the dam shows about eighteen inches of dark soil 
filled with quartz fragments, charcoal and decayed refuse, resting 
upon stratified gravels. The latter are apparently only a few feet 
deep and I'est upon the quartz-vein-bearing slates, of which excel- 
lent outcrops are seen in the bank below. The main terrace lies 
about one hundred feet back and rises six or eight feet above the 
village-site level. 
The location and character of this site would seem to show con- 
clusively that it was occupied in comparatively recent times. Many 
of the quartz bits and masses are partially shaped as in other places 
where implements were made. No other works of art were found. 
Quartz veins are exposed in the banks and bed of the river below 
the dam and on Mill island opposite, and I am informed by pro- 
fessor Winchell that large and conspicuous outcrops of quartz- 
veins were to be seen, before the dam was built, in the slates form- 
ing the bed of the rapids above. Considerable quartz flaking was 
done at various points along the bank of the river for nearly a 
mile down. 
On Oak street, two or three hundred feet northeast of the vil- 
lage-site midden, I found an interesting shop cluster. The street 
is sunk a few feet into the level terrace exposing the surface de- 
posits of sandy loam and making a section of the cluster of quartz 
shop- refuse; it was seen that this deposit did not lie in a horizon- 
tal bed just beneath the surface, as in the cases observed on the 
west side of the river, but that portions of it were disturbed, the 
fragments being distributed through the soil to a depth of a foot 
or more by some agenc}^ not clearly apparent. At other points 
near by I observed isolated and widelj^ disseminated flakes pro- 
jecting from the bank down to a foot or two beneath the surface. 
On the river bank three or four hundred feet farther north, and 
near the foot of Elm street is the site of professor Winchell's orig- 
inal discovery of flaked quartzes distributed through the loam. 
This portion of the terrace, lying about the eastern entrance to 
the bridge, has been much occupied by the aborigines and is 
strewn with flakes and fragments of quartz. 
Further evidence of the modern occupation of the terraces 
