230 The American Geologist. April, isos 
low the terrace surface. On the terrace slope at this level the 
surface loam, containing flaked quartz, was only a few inches 
thick ; this condition is accounted for by the fact that the bowlder 
gravel, being firmer than the sands above and below, resists ero- 
sion and tends to form an outcrop, the loose materials from above 
descending to lower levels. Upon the layer of gravel rests about 
five feet of light brownish sand or sandy loam, somewhat darker 
near the surface from the decay of vegetable matter. A line of 
pits was carried across the level terrace, in continuation of the 
trench, to test the nature and contents of this deposit. In ever}' 
pit, for more than one hundred feet from the margin of the ter- 
race, shaped quartzes were found, and strangely enough, they 
appeared to be somewhat imiformly distributed through the loam 
to the depth of from two to three and a half feet. This was a 
repetition of the interesting phenomena observed by professor 
Winchell one-half a mile below; but before taking up this division 
of the subject I shall look more fully into the main source of 
controversy, the Babbitt finds. 
The results of my own observations of the phenomena of 
this site are clearlj^ presented in the accompaming sections, 
figs. 2 and 3. The glacial formations concerned consist of three 
members, first, l)eginning'at the top, about five feet of sandy loam; 
second, a layer from six to twelve inches thick, of bowlder-bear- 
ing gravel, and third, a deposit of rather homogeneous sand with 
some fine gravel, extending down to two or three feet below 
water level, an exposed thickness of about eight feet. The face 
of these deposits is rather steep and is hidden by accumu- 
lations formed of materials weathered from the projecting edges 
of the strata. The talus deposits are only a few inches thick on 
the upper part of the slope but reach about five feet in thickness 
toward the base, as already shown, the terrace slope just here 
having an angle of from fifteen to twenty degrees. The whole of 
this talus deposit, from top to bottom, is filled with the refuse 
of quartz-arrow making, the heavier deposits of fragments occur- 
ring near the base, as shown in fig. 2. 
The geologic, topographic and ethnic story of this site, read 
in the simplest manner from carefully observed data is about as 
follows: The formations constituting the river terrace, as indi- 
cated above, were, at the close of the glacial epoch, in the main 
continuous across the valley. The post-glacial river cut its 
