^32 The American Geologist. April, isos 
shops were occupied by the arrow-makers the quartz-veins were ex- 
posed somewhere within easy reach of the base of the "notch" and 
possibly within a few steps of the heavier accumulations of shop 
refuse; but whether this be the case or not, the mystery' of the 
origin of the quartz, dwelt upon b}- the original explorer, entirely 
disappears. 
I may mention that there is a very common misunderstanding 
in regard to the accumulation of this class of shop refuse. Be- 
cause it is plentiful and scattered over a considerable area, a long- 
period and vast numbers of people are predicated, but so far as 
this site is concerned — and I speak from careful observation — 
one old arrow-maker, with a couple of squaws to gather the quartz, 
would in a few weeks produce as much refuse of manufacture as 
has ever been seen upon this site. 
Approaching this subject, this particular group of phenomena, 
from my own standpoint — that acquired by a study of quarry- 
shop work and of the general conditions of modern aboriginal 
life — no other theor}' than that outlined above seems called for, 
and no other known theor}' will satisfactorih' explain the facts as 
brought out by the study of the site; but there are those who may 
wish to understand how Miss Babbitt, who examined the spot with 
much particularity and dwelt at great length upon the phenomena, 
was able to reach such opposite and remarkable conclusions. 
In order that the matter may be more readih' examined b}' 
students I beg leave to present brief extracts from her writings, in 
which are embodied most of the essential points of her observa- 
tions and interpretations. Having carefully described the site 
and the occurrence of quartz fragments and artificial forms, she 
states her objections to a recent and neolithic origin for the quartzes, 
arguing that the phenomena could only be reasonably accounted 
for by assuming that the quartz was flaked and distributed during 
the accumulation of the gravels and before the pre-glacial, out- 
cropping veins were buried by the rapidly accumulating deposits; 
and inferring that the artificial forms, being exclusively rude are, 
without doubt, paleolithic. Having formulated these views it 
remained only to assume that the river in cutting its post-glacial 
channel had exposed and disturbed the artificial deposits, leaving 
them as found to-da}'. The following arguments are given in sup- 
port of the positions taken : 
"The spot appeared to be peculiarh' unfitted by nature for a base 
