Early Man in Minnesota. — Holmes. 239 
7. This result is really most remarkable, 3'et, as I have shown, 
inevitable — time being allowed — under the conditions existing at 
Little Falls. It is seen that in the period occupied by the up- 
rooting and decay of a forest and the settling of the loose earth 
back to its original level, the modern (luarry-shop site with its 
y ^ ^ -w ^ ~ r-; T ..■■«.•• • ' ^ - ^ X * " ■ ^ . ^ - ' f>- *< " • r 
Fig. 7. Distribution ot quai'tzes resulting from forest uprooting, exeuiplitied in 
tlie surface deposits of Little Falls. 
bed of fragments, flakes and failures may be so changed in char- 
acter as to afford striking proof of a paleolithic man of glacial 
age. The record may be so altered in the period of a generation 
as to be read ten thousand years instead of fifty. Such is the 
magic of nature's transformations and such are the pitfalls set 
for unwary explorers. It is true that since the occupation of 
this site by the quartz flakers, many forests may have fallen, liut 
proof of this must necessarih' be hard to secure, and if secured 
must still fall short of carrying the history of man back to glacial 
times. 
In support of the theory- that man tlwelt in the valley of the 
Mississippi some ten thousand years ago it is pointed out that 
artificial quartzes are distributed through portions of the super- 
ficial glacial deposits. I have shown that there are many wa3^s 
in which this distribution could have taken place under modern 
conditions and through causes operating within the century. 
It ma}' be objected that I have really proved nothing with respect 
to the recent introduction of the quartzes into the loams of this 
particular site, but I would observe that this is not essential. I 
have shown that the presence of worked (juartzes in the unstrati- 
fied, superficial loams furnishes no real support for the theory of 
a glacial man. 
In the study of this site, three problems have come up for 
consideration, first, is there evidence of human occupation of this 
locality early in the gravel-forming era as deduced by Miss Bab- 
