Geology of California. — Turner. 317 
Dr. Becker* has also called attention to conglomerate in the 
Shasta beds at Riddles, Oregon. He writes in regard to it as 
follows: "Limestone is more abundant at Riddles than in any 
part of the early Cretaceous area in California that 1 have studied, 
and the conglomerates are much more extensively developed. 
These seem to form the upper layer of the fossiliferous series in 
Oregon. They are very coarse and at points in the neighbor- 
hood the mass is hundreds of feet in thickness. This conglome- 
rate is evidently extensive. Mr. Brown informed me that he 
had traced it continuousl}^ for over twenty miles. It is note- 
worthy that the pebbles of the conglomerate are composed largely 
of highly metamorphic rock, indicating a period of dynamo- 
chemical action prior to the uplift of the fossil-bearing strata." 
While the position taken b}" Mr. Fairbanks may be correct, it 
does not appear to the writer that the evidence presented in his 
paper is convincing. Mr. Fairbanks fails to find any line of 
demarkation between the metamorphic rocks of the Klamath 
mountainsf and those of the northern Coast ranges. After quot- 
ing Whitney to the effect that there is no physical break between 
the two groups of ranges, and giving evidence of the pre-Cretac- 
ceous age of the Klamath mountains, he says, p. 159: "After a 
most careful tracing of the older rocks of Shasta county south- 
ward, I find it utterly impossible to draw a line of demarkation 
between them and the metamorphics of either Tehama, Colusa, 
Lake or Napa counties. There is no physical break." 
That the Coast ranges and the Klamath ranges are topographi- 
cally continuous is apparent to anyone who will examine a map 
of northwestern California. The question, however, is not as to 
there being a physical break, but as to the different geological 
ages of the rocks of the two groups of ranges. 
It has been proven, chiefly through Mr. J. S. Diller,that the Kla- 
math mountains are made up of Jura-Trias and Carboniferous 
rocks, a continuation in fact of the auriferous slate series of the 
north end of the Sierra Nevada. The evidence on this head will be 
presented in a forthcoming paper in the bulletin of the Geologi- 
cal Society of America by Mr. Diller. 
*Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 2, p. 203. 
fThis term has been introduced by major Powell for all of the high 
mountains in northwestern California, including Scott, Trinity, Yallo 
Bally, Bully Choop, etc. See text of Lassen Peak sheet by J. S. Diller. 
