344 The American Geologist. May. i89.t 
EEYIEW OF RECENT GEOLOGICAL 
LITERATURE. 
Report of the State Board of Geological Survey [Michigan], for the 
years 1891 and 1893. Lansing, 1893. Roy. 8vo., pp. 193. 
This document sets fortli the expenses of the survey from its incep- 
tion to November 22d, 1892, exclusive of the cost of publication, also 
contains the reports of Dr. C. Rominger for the years 1881-3 and 1883-3; 
of Mr. Charles E. Wright for the years 1885-8; of Dr. M. E. Wadsworth 
for the years 1888-92, made to the State Board of Geological Survey for 
the years named; also a provisional report by Dr. M. E. Wadsworth 
upon the geology of the iron, gold and copper districts of Michigan. It 
is preceded by an administrative report signed by the three members 
of the board, who are, ex-officio, the governor, the superintendent of 
public instruction and the president of the boar.d of education. The 
financial statements disclose some interesting and even remarkable 
facts. 
From 1837 to 1845 the total cost of the survey was $33,839.03, and of 
the appropriations made, aggregating S40,000, $7,170.97 were "returned 
to the State" unused. 
From 1859 to 1893 the total appropriation has been $160,000 and of 
this the amount used l^s been f 109,5;t9.33, and the rest of the appropri- 
ation, amounting to $63,207.92, has been "charged out," i. e., returned 
to the State. Since 1871 there has been available an annual fund of 
$8,000, and during only two of those years has it been fully expended. 
Between 1845 and 1859 there was no survey in progress. In 1859 the 
survey was re-commenced, but was interrupted by the civil war, till 
1871, when the annual appropriation was begun. Prior to 1871 and 
after 1859 there were appropriations from the general fund for two 
years, aggregating $5,000, and during 1861, 1863 and 1870 small sums to 
pay expenses formerly incurred, $1,080.91. 
The non-use of the appropriated fund after 1845 was doubtless due to 
the death of the state geologist. Dr. Douglass Houghton, who was 
drowned October 13, 1845,* and who was both state geologist and geo- 
logical board. The available fund between 1859 and 1862 seems to have 
been entirely used, amounting to $(),000. A. Winchell was then state 
geologist. On the revival of the survey in 1869, again under Prof. 
Winchell, the annual appropriation was $8,000. Prof. Winchell served 
two years and resigned. The years 1869, 1870 and 1871 are unrepre- 
sented in the schedule statement (on p. 34), but, beginning with 1871 an 
annual appropriatiou was available under a general law. The remark- 
able featui'e of this schedule is the fact that more than one-third of the 
available fund of the survey, between 1871 and 1893 has been left un- 
*Amekican Geologist, Vol. IV, p. 129. 
