Geology of Eastern California. — Fairbanks. 65 
( I). Metamorphic Scries. This appears to constitute as Ear 
as the writer has observed the oldest rocks of the region. It 
has been intruded by granite, highly metamorphosed, crumpled 
and faulted. The rocks consist of limestone or marble, slate. 
mica schist and quartzite. The limestone is enormously de- 
veloped wherever the metamorphic series occurs, and is prob- 
ably found in all the principal horizons represented. The 
metamorphic series forms a part of the El Paso range, a spur 
of the Sierras extending eastwardly from Tehachapai. The 
exposures show that it lias been intruded by granite, present- 
ing as it tloes a high degree of metamorphism near the con- 
tact. For many miles east and northeast from this range the 
desert is underlaid by granite. The metamorphic rocks appear 
prominently in the Slate range, east of Borax lake. The ranges 
still farther east, extending into Nevada, and north, including 
the Argus, Panamint, Inyo, White Mountain and other less 
prominent ones, consist partly of metamorphic rocks of the 
type described and partly of granite. 
In Modock canon. Argus range, the contact between the 
granite and the limestone clearly shows the former to be in- 
trusive, for masses of the limestone are inclosed within it. In 
Wild Rose district of the Panamint range as well as in Sur- 
prise canon the granite is intrusive in the metamorphic rocks. 
The relation of these rocks to the granite is finely shown on 
(lie eastern slope of New York butte, one of the highest peaks 
of the Inyo range. Here the mountain mass rises very 
abruptly from Salinas valley and is cut by canons over 2.000 
feet deep, Granite forms the central portion of the range. 
while at varying distances down the slopes it is replaced by 
limestone, slate and quartzite. On the east the sedimentary 
rocks are thrown back in complex wavy folds, Remnants of 
these rocks still remain capping the transverse ridges between 
which the canons, particularly in their upper reaches, have 
cut down to the underlying granite. The upper portions of 
the sedimentary series, reaching an elevation of 7,000 feet, are 
not folded and broken as those lower down, but rest on the 
granite with nearly horizontal bedding. One area of horizon- 
tal rocks in particular, between the forks of Hunter's canon. 
rises in precipitous pinnacles, forming a most striking feature 
of the landscape. The sedimentary rocks of the Lone Pine 
