Discovery of a Sessile Conularia. — Ruedemann. 163 
a triangular subearbonaceous plate is preserved which is 
strongly suggestive of being the flattened apertural process 
of the uppermost face. 
It is permissible to meet some of the objections which are 
easily suggested in comparing the appendages with Conularia. 
There is first the strangely curved form of man}' of the smaller 
and medium sized individuals. As already stated, Hall's type, 
of about two inches in length, is "slightly arcuate." The axes 
of the older specimens, however, which the writer possesses, as 
also the axis of the specimen figured in plate IX, figure 5, are 
always perfectly straight. An examination of the shells of 
the young Conn/arid establishes the fact that the better they 
are preserved the straighter the} r are. (Cf. pi. VIII, figs. 1, 
2.) Even some of the very smallest Conularia} are straight. 
This, as well as an examination of such specimens (pi. IX. 
fig. 4), in which the youngest part only is bent and the older is 
perfectly straight, leads to the conclusion that the young shells 
also of C. gracilis were straight, but probably more flexible 
than the more distal parts and perhaps less able to resist the 
dissolving influence of the sea water. A group of fossils (plate 
IX, fig. 7) which are attached to the poorty preserved cast of 
a Trochonema shell, on account of the strong distortions of the 
wedge-shaped appendages, presents appearances differing most 
widely from those of Conularia. In this case the appendages 
are identical with the leaves of Hall's Spkenothallus angusti- 
folius.* The extensive destruction of the faces of the pyr- 
amids in both specimens, as well as the very poor preservation 
of the gastropod, is proof enough of the destructive influences 
to which they were subjected and which may also have dis- 
torted the slender pyramids before they were covered by sedi- 
ment. On the other hand both contain a sufficient number 
of nearly straighl -hells (rl\ especially Hall's figure) to war- 
rant the statement that the pyramids were originally straight. 
The writer's specimen besides exhibits, in several places, well 
•Pal. of New York, vol. i, p. 261, pi. lxviii, fig. 1, 1847. Hall's type, 
which Prof. J. M. Clarke had the kindness to lend the writer ami 
which will be figured again in another paper, not only shows young in 
dividuals attached to older "leaves," but also ring-like impressions of 
the basal cups and the transverse ridges of the grooves. The faces have 
left smooth impressions only. 
