Review of Recent Geological Literature. 187 
New Jersey are described in much detail. The Beacon Hill, Pensaukcn, 
and Jamesburg formations, previously noticed in the Am. Geologist 
for last March (vol. xv, pp. 203, 204), are again carefully considered in 
three successive sections of Prof. Salisbury's report. 
The Beacon Hill sand and gravel, lying stratigraphically the lowest 
in this series, are correlated with the formations farther south which 
Prof. W. B. Clark has classed as Miocene. 
Next in ascending order, the Pensauken sand and gravel formation 
has received much study, and Prof. Salisbury writes : " There can no 
longer be any doubt that the Pensauken is the equivalent of the La- 
fayette formation of the south. This conclusion was reached tentatively 
more than a year since. Recently, Mr. McGee was kind enough to 
spend several days in the study of the formation at various points, from 
Millville to Kingston, and at the close of his study expressed his convic- 
tion, without qualification or reservation, that the Pensauksen and the 
Lafayette are one. If the ice which co-operated with water in the de- 
position of the Pensauken was berg ice— emanating from glaciers— it is 
believed that it belonged to a glacial epoch antedating any which has 
heretofore been recognized in North America." 
The next succeeding Jamesburg formation, which consists of a thin 
mantle of gravel, sand, and loam, frequently inclosing boulders, is con- 
fidently correlated with " the Columbia of the south as defined by 
McGee. Not only this, but it is also clear that there have been referred 
to the Jamesburg, deposits which correspond in a general way with the 
' high-level ' and ' low-level ' Columbia. The relation of these two 
subdivisions to each other has not yet been fixed with certainty, but 
will receive attention in the immediate future." At the close of the 
long description of this formation, it is stated that " the exact age of 
the Jamesburg, in terms of the glacial period, is one of the questions 
which awaits solution, so far as New Jersey is concerned, though it is 
not believed to be insoluble." It is succeeded by the Trenton gravel 
and sand, which belong with the chief moraine-forming stage of the 
ice-sheet. 
Iu the very interesting and detailed report on artesian wells, the sec- 
tion of the well 1,244 feet deep at Wild wood, on Holly beach, about 
seven miles north of Cape May, is shown to comprise, first, Recent and 
Pleistocene beds, 294 feet, in which, from 78 to 179 feet, many inter- 
mingled freshwater and marine diatoma \ ire found, the freshwater 
forms being far predominant: next, Miocene beds, 810 feet, inelud 
423 feet, from 370 to 793 feet below the surface, throughout which 
marine diatoms occur ; and glauconitic sand, 140 feet, referred provis- 
ionally to the Eocene Pamunkey formation. 
The descriptions of the forests of New Jersey, and of measures now 
being taken for their preservation, areexc (llent, especially for the south 
em part, where much damage has been done by forest fires. v.\ r. 
Geological Biology, An Introduction I" the Geological History of Or- 
ganisms. By Henky SHALEB Williams. (395 pp., 12 > cuts. Henry 
Holt & Co.) This work occupies a somewhat unique place in natural 
