Correspondence. 399 
these put together could hardly have led to a recognition of the real 
character and extent of this beach. 
It is true, I believe, on the other hand, that Mr. Upham has never 
seen the Nipissing beach at all : nor has he seen the Algonquin beach 
to know it for a certainty. The only place where he has seen it at all 
is the vicinity of Duluth : but in the present state of our knowledge it 
is impossible to identify this beach with certainty in that part of the 
Superior basin. The gaps in the lines of tracing to the east and north- 
east are too wide and there are too many strong beaches resembling the 
Algonquin in that region. 
Now in the face of these facts will Mr. Upham go on declaring that 
the Nipissing beach is the same as the Algonquin? Several other errors 
go along inevitably with this one and his whole scheme of the lake his- 
tory is affected by them. If Mr. Upham's views are so extreme that he 
thinks I do not know an abandoned beach when I see it I am unable to 
see how he can use any of my facts. As it is, he uses some and rejects 
others. I fail to see how he can make any discrimination among my 
observations that is not purely imaginary on his part. The only way to 
do such a thing is for him to go into the field himself and verify or dis- 
prove my facts by his own observations. But he has not done this. I 
have found both beaches at the same locality in a large number of 
places and both were traced with substantial continuity along the same 
coast, in one instance, for nearly two hundred miles. If Mr. Upham 
will take the pains to visit any coast where both beaches occur, he will 
soon see his error. Or, if he. cannot do this, let him revise his hypo 
thesis in the light of a full and fair consideration of all the facts at 
hand. In either case his scheme of the lake history, as it has been 
several times set forth in public print during the last three years, will 
have to be abandoned. I would not venture to suggest what changes 
he should make nor what his story of the lake history should be. It is 
highly probable that some of the facts will bear a different interpretation 
from that which I have given them. But there are certain very impor- 
tant and well determined facts which cannot be misused or ignored if 
the truth is to be attained. The most comprehensive truth which it 
behooves Mr. Upham to consider is comprised in the statement that the 
Algonquin beach of lake Algonquin and the Nipissing beach of the 
Nipissing Great lakes arc two entirely separate and distinct phenomena 
throughout. The elaboration of this statement in the study of each 
beach and its character is a very large theme, ever) step in the pursuit 
of which confirms and hightens the perception of the unique individ- 
uality of the Nipissing beach. 
Mr. Upham also brings forward again the idea that the later stages of 
lake Warren spread over all four of the upper basins, including lakes 
Michigan and Superior. < )n this point I cannot speak with uncondi 
tional positiveness, as I do of the two great beaches mentioned above. 
All I can say is this, that J have many times made careful search on 
the coastal slopes above the Algonquin beach in various parts of the 
north for the beaches of lake Warren and I have never found a trace of 
