Recent Earthquakes in Nicaragua. — Crawford, 77 
of quartzyte, remnants of the original material from which it has 
been derived. I have traced this conglomerate for nearly twenty 
miles toward the north and its stratigraphic position with the beds 
above, below the Trinity sands, and Hill's notice indicate an im- 
mense extension and uniform conditions existing at a time when 
probably after a long period of land a new submergence of this 
section of western Texas took place, or rather, frequent though 
slow and gradual oscillations were changing its character from a 
sandy beach to a muddy sea and again reversing the process of 
submersion and emersion. As these beds are lithologically so 
different from the strata above and below and as they are uncon- 
formably overlaid and underlaid by the lower Cretacic and Per- 
mian I feel justified in considering them pre-Cretacic and post-Per- 
mian, and probably they may be the continuation and southward 
thinning out of the Jura ami Trias, and propose for them the 
name of the San Angelo beds. 
RECENT EARTHQUAKES IN NICARAGUA. 
By J. Crawford, Managua, Nicaragua, 
A number of earthquakes, some of them quite severe, were Cell 
in and near the city of Granada, Nicaragua, commencing 3 1st 
ultimo, (Aug. 31st, 1890,) at 10 : .30 o'clock A. M., and occurring 
at intervals, of half an hour to three hours until the morning of 
the 3rd instant, then occurring at intervals of from 24 to 36 
hours until the 22d instant. 
On the 3d instant, 1 was requested by l>r. Don Roberto Sacasa, 
president of the republic of Nicaragua, to visit the earthquake 
locality and examine and report on the phenomena, depth and 
form of focus, epicentrum, angleof emergence, amount of oscilla- 
tion, direction and velocity of transit, probability of recurrence, 
etc. The investigation was commenced in the city of Granada, 
on the afternoon of the 3d instant. The city was nearly depopu 
luted by the flight of its inhabitants, no lives were lost, no person 
received serious bodily injuries, although near thai city the hori- 
zontal inclination of the waves from a perpendicular ( half the 
angle of oscillation) was about 23°. 17'. A few old adobe 
houses with tile root's were partly destroyed and many tile root' 
