78 The American Geologist. Feb. i89i 
houses with good abobe Avails were cracked and otherwise injured. 
About 400 infantry, mounted and on foot, were patrolling Hie 
streets and guarding the property of the absent citizens. None <>i 
the professors in the "Institute Nacional de Oricnte. " nor in any 
private schools in that city, so far as I was able to learn, had 
made notes of the phenomena, nor improvised any seismological 
meters, nor motors, neither noted the seconds of time of occurrence 
of any of the waves of force, nor the temperature or atmospheric 
pressure ( two or three doctors of medicine made notes of the 
minute of occurrence of some of the earthquakes mid their probable 
direction of transit). The clocks and watches in that city are not, 
generally, regulated to correspond with any one chronometer. 
The foregoing will explain the frequent use of the word " about " 
in place of a definite expression in the following. 
The city of Granada is situated in a Miocene and Pliocene 
volcanic formation, on the west side <»!' lake Nicaragua, about 
30 miles cast from the Pacific ocean ; the deepest ravines and 
craters of volcanoes and wells (GOO feet deep) present uncom- 
pacted rhyolite, trachyte, andesite. phonolite, basalt, pumice, scoria*, 
sanidin, and other forms of igneous and aqueo-igneous volcanic 
materials ; about three miles south and southeast- from the city 
is the northern foot line of the Tertiary part of the Cenozoic area 
Volcano Mombacho and its numerous variously shaped monticules, 
also situated on the west side of lake Nicaragua, all together havea 
base of about twelve miles in diameter. About four leagues to tin. 
southeast of Mombacho is the equally large mass of volcanic mate- 
rials, erupted in Tertiary times, named volcano ZAPETER a ami form- 
ing a peninsula in the lake; about six leagues to the southeast of 
ZAPETERA, in lake Nicaragua, is the large island which was formed 
by the now inactive volcanoes Ometepe and Madera that originated 
in the Quaternary epoch; far to the southeastward (30 to 40 
leagues) is the Costa Rica group of smoldering, inactive and 
possibly some extinct volcanoes, originating in Tertiary times and 
continuing into the Recent epoch. These. Madera. Omatepe, 
Mombacho, with Masaya, Mometomba (6,400 feet high) and 
a few other Inactive and extinct volcanic masses in Nicaragua 
form the links in the chain which connected the San Salvadoi 
and the Costa Kiea groups '>f volcanoes. Enormous quantities ot 
the loose material, from all the volcanoes in San Salvador, south 
