Recent Earthquakes in Nicaragua.- — Ora/wford. 70 
western part of Honduras, and the northwestern pari of Nicara- 
gua, since the formation of these volcanoes have been swept by 
torrents and rivers into the Pacific ocean, along and near to the 
western coast of Nicaragua, and this is still going on. These 
materials have formed there an extensive deposit probably more 
than 20,000 feet deep. These tacts account for, or are in some way 
connected with, the apparently complete removal from the former 
active volcanic region in Nicaragua, of the hydro-thermal forces 
which were once largely influential in causing and continuing 
volcanic activity and earthquakes in that region. 
Some of the phenomena noted by me were local, the surface 
waves of force not extending over an area of more than 30 miles 
in diameter, or if beyond that not sufficiently perceptible to be 
worthy of note. The waves along whose very irregularly curved 
line of transit the greatest disturbance was observed were about 
three miles ( semi-diameter, the other half of the diameter was in 
lake Nicaragua ) southeast, south and southwest of the city of 
Granada; along on the side, near the loot of the large, ugly vol- 
canic mass, MOMBACHO, at lake Apoyo (situated in a crescent 
shaped crater one-half mile wide and one mile long and 300 feet 
deep) Haciendas Carmen and Fuentas, Monticule Pilon, Haciendas 
Agosto and La Hoyo ; thence eastward into lake Nicaragua. The 
city of Granada was outside of the circle of greatest disturbance. 
The focus was beneath lake Nicaragua a few miles north of the 
inactive volcano Ometepe about 1.")° east from south of the city 
of Granada, and extended westward. The oscillation of the 
severest wave felt in Granada Avas fully 11°, 17'. from a perpen 
dicular, and sufficient to cause a bell, fixed aboul sixty feet above 
the surface of the street, in a tower at the northeast corner of 
Anglesia Merced, to incline and strike the iron clapper suspended 
in it and sound out loudly three protracted notes. (This. 11°. 
47', was one half the angle the hell would have to pass through 
to Strike the clapper, but it is adopted because the clapper was so 
attached to the hell as not to he perfectly free to retain its perpen- 
dicular position when the hell was inclined.)" 
If the clapper had been free to retain a perpendicular position 
*I made several trials inclining a similar bell ( free, do! fixed, in a 
tower), having a similar clapper and attachment: the clapper always 
inclined with the bell 8° to 10°, before swinging loose and returning to 
a perpendicular posit ion. 
