Natural and Artificial Terraces. — Peet. 115- 
There is, according to archaeology, a wide gup between these 
Eskimo paleolithic fishermen or " Littoral " people and the wild 
hunters of the forest who first erected their mounds above the 
terraces; and this gap we are now anxious to fill up. In Europe 
the Reindeer period comes in between the gravels and the mounds 
and the episodes are found in the various eaves and their contents. 
In this country we seem to have a .Mammoth or Mastodon period 
overlapping the gravel beds and coming down very near to the 
time of the Mound Builders, but the reindeer seems to be absent. 
We have in addition the eaves which have reeentl}' been discos 
ered in Kentucky near the Mammoth cave with its 2000 reputed 
skeletons to examine. AVe have also the peat swamps of Michi- 
gan and of northern Ohio with their various deposits of mastodon 
bones closely associated with arrowheads and traces of fire. We 
have the various thick-skulled and strange-looking waifs which 
turn up occasionally among the mounds to show that there was a 
race which intervened between the so-called Eskimo fisherman of 
the Glacial period and the early hunter of the Mound Building 
period. It ma} T be that during the Pleistocene age these natural 
terraces were occupied and that some relies may yet be found on 
them which will prove to be those of the very early race which in- 
tervened between the gravel beds and the mound period. 
In reference to the survival of the mammoth or mastodon to the 
time of the Mound-builders, perhaps a word or two may be proper. 
Here the subject of terraces helps us hut little, and yet there is 
a hint from them. The celebrated Elephant mound, which is now 
destroyed, was not on any terrace ; but was in a swale, and so low 
down in the swale, that the high water frequently overflowed the 
surrounding land. The writer has visited this spot- several times. 
The last time he had the opportunity of seeing the effigy broughl 
out in relief by the crop of clover which was growing on the "ele- 
phant," but which had been killed out by the high water on ;ill the 
land adjoining. 
The elephant must have been exceedingly modern, aboul as 
modern as the buffalo, if this effigy was a genuine imitation; hut 
the writer believes that, the hear or buffalo was the tribal totem <«i 
this region, and that no mastodon was known to the tribe who Left 
the effigies on the soil. Every ■• elephant " has been exploded, and 
even elephant pipes are exceedingly doubtful specimens. Still 
