116 Tlii American Geologist. Feb. 1891 
the elephanl or mastodon may be found along with the remains of 
man before the Mound-builders, and some of the terraces may vet 
reveal the two together. 
It should be stated that the river-terraces which stretch down 
from the second glacial moraines toward the track of the first gla- 
cial bed, are all covered with traces of both mound-builders and 
Indians; and. superficially considered, they furnish no evidence 
of the intermediate race. 
There are. however, some interesting facts about the terraces as 
modified by human action. The writer once visited a spot on the 
Cuyahoga river in which the beautiful scallop work was traced 
from hill to hill, each scallop being the fragment of a terrace. 
Standing there in company with several archaeologists, who had 
been preparing for the great Centennial Exposition, in which Ohio 
prehistoric relics figured so conspicuously, the little company 
looked at the ground on which they stood, and found that it was 
actually a truncated pyramid which had been artificially wrought 
out of an outlying fragment of one of the terraces, and was a most 
beautiful piece of artificial earth carving on a large scale. The 
summit was level and the sides presented a smooth and even slope 
with angles accurate, and the whole remarkably symmetrical. At 
the time referred to. the company seemed to be sceptical about the 
artificial character of this work, though the moulding of natural 
terraces or fragments of terraces is not uncommon. The writer 
has since then seen so many evidences of artificial handiwork in 
connection with natural eminences and ridges, that he has ceased 
to lie surprised. Ridges of sand will sometimes be modified so as 
to resemble animals. River banks will be noticed with rows of 
mounds or effigies parallel to them. Bluffs will have semblances 
t<> birds, serpents and other animals, and the artificial work on 
the summit will make the semblance all the more striking. It is 
a fancy with the writer that the sides of certain hills have been 
modified to bring out the •• Phallic Symbol " and that a rude 
moulding of the terraces and escarpments was sometimes prac- 
ticed to show more fully the animistic conception which made the 
bluff or cliff or drummel or even terrace the abode of the great 
spirit of all the animals, the totem of the people who inhabited 
the region. 
We have followed the terrace up from the paleolithic gravel to 
