248 The American Geologist. April, 1891 
unfortunate enough to lose his note books, he quotes verbatim in 
man}- places the report of Prof. Rogers in the New Jersey geology 
and appears to adopt his views unquestioningly. He also quotes 
from Dr. Horton and from Prof. Shepard. 
Dr. Horton published his report in 1839 and from the fact that 
he is quoted by Prof. Mather, it would seem that the views of the 
two were in accord. 
i 
That there may be no mistaking the position of Prof. Mather, I 
quote from his, p. 4G5 : "In Orange county, New Jersey, and in 
Sussex county, New Jerse}', all the changes from the gray and 
blue limestone (Mohawk limestone and Calciferous sandstone of the 
New York reports and formation No. 2 of the Pennsylvania survey) 
can be distinctly traced into perfectly crystallized limestone, con- 
taining the various crystallized minerals; so that it is believed that 
most of those who will examine the rocks thoroughly, will admit 
that they are metamorphic. " 
The puzzling fact in these quotations, more puzzling in the 
report, is that he seems to regard the marbles, described in the first 
class of metamorphic, as younger and wholly distinct from the 
second class of metamorphic rocks in which he includes ' ' the true 
primary limestones. " Yet the Mohawk limestone, the Calciferous 
sandstone, and the Potsdam sandstone appear in each division. 
One thing is very evident, he believed thoroughly in metamor- 
phic action and regarded the white limestones of Orange county, 
New York and of Sussex county, New Jersey as excellent ex- 
amples of its efficiency. Yet it is also evident that if Prof. Rogers 
did little more than to state his belief, with little or no proof of it, 
Prof. Mather has done nothing more than to leave the question as 
he found it. From the time Prof. Rogers completed the geological 
survey in New Jersey, in 1837, up to 1854 no official work was 
done on the geology of the state. In 1854, however, the surve}' 
was re-organized b} T Dr. William Kitchell, as state geologist. 
His first report appeared in 1855. In this report he speaks of 
the crystalline limestones as metamorphic, but he includes under 
this head also, gneisses and hornblende slate. He recognizes the 
granites as true eruptive or igneous rocks and mentions their occur- 
ring in the form of intrusive veins and dykes, and farther notes 
that these are found, with one exception, in the metamorphic 
rocks, notably in the white limestones. 
In the annual report for 1855, p. 131, Dr. Kitchell again refers 
