Warrior coal field of northern Alabama. — Frazer. 313 
gently north 10° west, 3 feet thick, and with a strong slate roof. 
This is on the Jefferson coal seam in the hills, above which hard 
conglomerate is seen, and also a minor seam of coal, probably No. 
16 of the State survey General Section of Jefferson count}-. At 
the foot of the incline leading down from the tipple, and 300 yards 
up the river are the signs of the out-crops of the Black Creek vein 
2 feet thick. 
The Warrior bed is probably far below this (it is thought 250 
feet). 
The Brake mines are situated about 2>\ miles south by west of 
Warrior town. 
About ten yards in the slope of this mine, an 18-inch coal seam 
dips northwest 10°. The bottom is in soft clay and the top is in 
hard sandstone. At the foot of the slope the Jefferson vein 
appears. 
Thirty feet below the Jefferson seam, but not yet opened up by 
the slope, is the Black Creek. The manager thinks that 90 feet 
more in the present direction of the slope would reach it. Here 
again the conglomerate is seen on the hill- tops, about 75 feet 
above the Jefferson vein. It is in this place a conglomerate of 
quartz and amethystine pebbles, with other rounded stones in a 
matrix of loose, friable sandstone. 
The Jefferson mines, across the river were not visited, but it is 
universally conceded that they are on the Jefferson seam, and that 
they include the small coal seam No. 16 of the General Section 
before referred to. In the shaft of the Jefferson mines, the assist- 
ant State geologist makes it clear that the highest bed of coal 
penetrated is a small bed (18 of the General Section, Jefferson 
county, ) which is at least 66 feet below the Newcastle bed, though 
it has been erroneously supposed that this seam was represented in 
the strata penetrated. It really cuts the strata from 18 to 14 
(Black Creek) of the General Section. 
In this connection the coal near Bremen, called that of the Bre- 
men basin, by major Fitzhugh, should be considered. 
By following the Stout road about 6^ miles south by west from 
the town of Cullman, the line of coal-bearing hills begins to be 
reached. The road is through sandstones and conglomerates over 
which come, in regular succession, the higher measures, as ex- 
plained in the introduction, until finally the real coal-bearing strata 
appear. But main- small seams occur north of the line, out of 
