8 
PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 
is not to be confounded with the deep pedicle-slit in Lingulella. Furthermore, 
a slight longitudinal displacement of the valves before, or while undergoing 
fossilization, will frequently exaggerate the normal extension of the umbonal 
region in the pedicle-valve, beyond that in the opposite valve. We are dis¬ 
posed to consider the current reference to Lingulella of several well-known 
American species, e. g., L. Iowensis, Owen,* * * § L. Covingtonensis, Hall and Whit¬ 
field,! L. Norwoodi,\ James, L. Vanhornii, Miller, as incautious, and feel that, 
in general, these are more safely left under the original genus. Two of the 
species named, viz., L. Iowensis and L. Vanhornii , 
have muscular impressions comparable with those 
of L. anatina, and of widely different character and 
arrangement from those in' the genus Lingulella, 
Living Lingulas, are known to form a tube about the 
pedicle by the agglutination of grains of sand or other 
sedimentary debris, after the manner of Tubifex and 
other forms of Chaetopod Annelids. (See accompany¬ 
ing figure of Lingula pyramidata ,§ Stimpson, after Morse, 
which shows this tube, as well as the effect of the 
action of the sliding or transmedian muscles in swinging 
the valves laterally asunder.) Fig. 3. Lingula ( Glottidia ) Andebarti . 
After Mouse. 
* Lingulella Iowensis, Whitfield, Geol. Wisconsin, vol. iv, p. 242. 1883. 
t Mr. S. A. Miller, in his “ Catalogue of the Fossils found in the Hudson River, Utica Slate and Trenton 
Groups, as exposed in the South-east part of Indiana, South-west part of Ohio, and Northern part of Ken¬ 
tucky”; Tenth Ann. Rept. Geol. Surv. Indiana, says, on page 19, under the heading Lingula: “Allthe 
species referred to this genus” [in the groups mentioned] “belong to Lingulella; ” and in Mr. J. F. James’ 
“ Catalogue of the Fossils of the Cincinnati group,” 1881, in addition to the species mentioned above (ex¬ 
cepting L. Covingtonensis), L. attenuata, Sowerby, and L. riciniformis, Hall, are referred to the sub-genus 
Lingulella. 
J This species belongs to the genus Lingulops. 
§ Glottidia Andebarti, Broderip. Davidson, Trans. Linnean Society, Second Ser., Zoology, vol. iv, part 
3, p. 223. 
