2 
PALAEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 
having precisely the same scope. Professor Owen,* * * § in 1858, proposed the term 
Lyopomata (Mu and essentially the Greek equivalent of Inarticulata, 
and of Bronn’sI Ecardines. The last named author also suggested the term 
Pleuropygia, derived from the lateral position of the intestinal perforation; 
while King’s term, Tretenterata,| indicates that the existence of an anus is 
to be regarded as the essential character. 
The use of Family designations in this group would be attended by embar¬ 
rassments so serious, that it has seemed preferable to avoid them altogether. 
The present state of our knowledge fully justifies this position. 
Genus LINGULA, Bruguiere. 1789. 
PLATE I, FIGS. 1-34; AND PLATE IV K, FIGS. 5-13. 
1789. Lingula , § Bruguiere. Hist. Natur. des Vers Testaces. 
1798. Pharetra , Bolten. Mus. Bolt. 
1806. Lingularius , Dumeril. Zoologie Analytique. 
Lingula , of authors generally. 
f Grlossim , Phillips, 1848. Mem. Geol. Surv. Great Britain, vol. ii, pt. 2, p. 370. 
-{ Grlottidia , Dall, 1870. American Journal of Conchology, vol. vi, p. 157. 
yDignomia , Hall, 1871. Imperfectly known Forms among the Brachiopoda. 
1839. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844. 
1847. 
1847. 
1851. 
1852. 
1852. 
1852. 
Lingula , Conrad. Second Ann. Rept. Palseont. Dept. N. Y. State Geol. Surv. 
Lingula , Vanuxem. Geology N. Y., Rept. Third District. 
Lingula , Emmons. Geology N. Y., Rept. Second District. 
Lingula , Conrad. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
Lingula , Hall. Geology N. Y., Rept. Fourth District. , 
Lingula , Owen. Geol. Rept. Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois. 
Lingula , Hall. Palaeontology N. Y., vol. i. 
Lingula , Dana. American Journal of Science. 
Lingula , Hall. Foster and Whitney’s Rept. Geol. Lake Superior. 
Lingula , Hall. Palaeontology N. Y., vol. ii. 
Lingula , Owen. Geol. Rept. Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. 
Lingula , F. Rcemer. Kreidebildung von Texas. 
* Encyclopaedia Britannica, 8th Ed., vol. xv, p. 301. 
f Die Classen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, p. 301. 1862. 
J Annals and Magazine of Natural History, vol. xii, p. 15. 1873. 
§ The synonymic lists accompanying these discussions are intended to give, first, the more important 
names under which the genera have been mentioned by European and American writers, followed by a 
table of references to notices in American literature of the genera or their species. Under the lesser groups, 
the lists are not thus divided, but will be found to contain all the important references necessary for the use 
of the student. 
