56 
PALAEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 
(?) 1842. 
(?) 1S47. 
1847. 
(?) 1860. 
1861. 
1862. 
. 1863. 
1867. 
1871. 
1871. 
1871. 
1873. 
1874. 
(?) 1875. 
1875. 
1878. 
(?) 1878. 
1882. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1889. 
Lingula, Emmons. Geology N. Y. ; Rept. Second District, p. 267 (not fig. 68). 
Lingula., (Conrad) Hall. Palaeontology 1ST. Y., vol. i, p. 3, pi. i, fig. 2. 
Orbicula, Hall. Palaeontology N. Y., vol. i, p. 290, pi. lxxix, figs. 9 a, b, c. 
Lingula, Hall. Thirteenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 76, fig. 1. 
Lingula, Hall. Annual Report Geological Survey of Wisconsin, p. 24. 
Lingula, Billings. Palaeozoic Fossils, vol. i, p. 71, fig. 64. 
Lingula, Hall. Sixteenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., pp. 126, 127, pi. vi, figs. 4-8. 
Lingula, Hall. Transactions Albany Institute, vol. v, p. 103. 
Obolella, Billings. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. vi, p. 218. 
Obolella, Ford. American Journal of Science, vol. ii, p. 33. 
Lingulella, Meek. Proceedings Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila., vol. xxiii, p. 185. 
Lingulella, Hall. Twenty-third Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 245, pi. xiii, fig. 5. 
Lingulella ?, Billings. Palaeozoic Fossils, vol. ii, p. 57, fig. 36. 
Lingulella (Dignomia ?), Hall and Whitfield. King’s Report U. S. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, p. 
206, pi. i, figs. 3, 4. 
Lingulepis, Hall and Whitfield. King’s Rept. U. S. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, p. 232, pi. i, fig. 8. 
Lingulella, Ford. American Journal of Science, vol. xv, p. 127. 
Lingula, Whiteaves. American Journal of Science, vol. xvi, p. 226. 
Lingulella, Whitfield. Geological Survey of Wisconsin, vol. iv, p. 334, pi. xxvii, figs. 6, 7. 
Lingula? , (Matthew) Walcott. Bulletin No. 10, U. S. Geological Survey, p. 15, pi. v, fig. 8. 
Lingulella, Matthew, Illustr. Fauna St. John Group, No. 3, pp. 33, 34, pi. v, figs. 7, 8. 
Lingulella, Walcott. Bull. No. 30, U. S. Geol. Surv., pp. 95, 97, pi. vii, figs. 1, 2; pi. viii, fig. 4. 
Lingulella, Walcott. American Journal of Science, vol. xxxiv, p. 188, pi. i, fig. 15. 
Lingulella, Walcott. Proceedings United States National Museum, 1888, p. 441. 
Diagnosis. “ Shell nearly equivalve, broad-oblong, the ventral valve pointed, 
with a distinct pedicle-groove. Muscular scars strong, nearly as in Obolus, but 
the pair of anterior retractors are more linear and the sliding muscles small, 
and not quite external as in Obolus” (Salter. Memoirs Geological Survey of 
Great Britain, vol. iii, p. 333. 1866). 
Type, Lingulella Davisi, McCoy. 
“The name Lingulella was.first introduced about 1861, with the late Dr. 
S. P. Woodward’s full consent; and the name appears at p. 9 of Sir Roderick 
Murchison’s Address to the Geological Section of the British Association, 
Manchester, 1861 ; but it is only in Mr. Salter’s Appendix to the ‘ Memoir on 
the Geology of North Wales,’ that the genus is for the first time described” 
(Davidson, British Silurian Brachiopoda, p, 55. 1866). 
Observations. Under the discussion of the genus Lingula, attention has 
been directed to the peculiarities of the cardinal area in the type-species, L. 
anatina, and its close similarity with that of Lingulella Davisi. The necessity 
of great caution in assigning generic character from these features alone has 
also been expressed. In Lingula the deltidium bears a broad pedicle-groove, 
