BRA CHIOPODA. 
125 
lata, Hall ( =Orbiculoidea Forbesi, Nicholson (not Davidson)=D. clara, Spencer,,= 
D. solitaria, Ringueberg), from the Niagara, D.Conradi, Hall, and D. discus, Hall, 
from the Lower Helderberg, D. ampla, Hall, from the Oriskany sandstone, D. 
minuta, Hall, from the Marcellus shales, D. media, Hall, D. grandis, Yanuxem, D. 
humilis. Hall, D. Randalli, Hall, D. Doria, Hall, D. marginalis, Whitfield, from the 
Hamilton group, D. Lodensis, Yanuxem, from the Genesee shales, D. pleurites, 
Meek, from the Waverly, D. Newberryi, Hall, from the Cuyahoga shales, D. nitida, 
Phillips, D. Manhattanensis, Meek and Hayden, from the Coal Measures, and 
many additional species, with several unidentified, probably undescribed forms 
from various horizons. 
The pedicle-perforation in these fossils is not, as usually represented, a simple, 
elongate fissure, extending from beneath the apex, one-third, one-half or the 
entire distance to the posterior margin. On the contrary, just behind the apex, 
and removed from it by a distance varying with the stage of growth of the 
animal, is the external opening of a perforation, which passes very obliquely 
backward through the substance of the shell and opens on the interior surface 
not far from, but within the margin of the shell, having thus precisely the re- 
FIG. 63. Vertical section of the pedicle- Fig. Ot. Vertical section of the pedicle- 
valve of Discina striata. valve of Orbiculoidea. 
After Davidson. 
verse position to that of Discina striata as given by Davidson,* whose figure is 
here copied; but very much greater obliquity. 
On the external surface of the pedicle-valve, the pedicle-groove, which begins 
at the apex, intersects more or less abruptly the usual concentric ornamenta¬ 
tion of the shell, but it is very narrow, and its surface generally smooth or 
with faint indications of growth-lines. In all instances this furrow begins at 
the apex; its length, however, in any given species, will, as just noticed, depend 
on the stage of growth, for the pedicle-aperture evidently keeps the same rela¬ 
tive distance from the apex in all periods of development. This portion of the 
* Trans. Linnean Soc., vol. iv, pt. 1, pi. 25, fig. 26. 1886. 
